Foreign to a thing

ălĭēnus, a, um [2. alius].

Adj.

In gen., that belongs to another person, place, object, etc., not one's own, another's, of another, foreign, alien (opp. suus): NEVE. ALIENAM. SEGETEM. PELLEXERIS., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, and Serv. ad Verg. E. 8, 99: plus ex alieno jecore sapiunt quam ex suo, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 57; Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 111; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 88, and Lind. ib. 2, 3, 3: quom sciet alienum puerum ( the child of another) tolli pro suo, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 61:

in aedīs inruit Alienas,

id. Ad. 1, 2, 9; id. And. 1, 1, 125:

alienae partes anni,

Lucr. 1, 182; so Verg. G. 2, 149:

pecuniis alienis locupletari,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

cura rerum alienarum,

id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 2, 23, 83:

alienos mores ad suos referre,

Nep. Epam. 1, 1:

in altissimo gradu alienis opibus poni,

Cic. Sest. 20:

semper regibus aliena virtus formidolosa est,

Sall. C. 7, 2:

amissis bonis alienas opes exspectare,

id. ib. 58. 10 Herz.:

aliena mulier,

another man's wife, Cic. Cael. 37:

mulier alieni viri sermonibus assuefacta,

of another woman's husband, Liv. 1, 46:

virtutem et bonum alienum oderunt,

id. 35, 43:

alienis pedibus ambulamus, alienis oculis agnoscimus, alienā memoriā salutamus, alienā operā vivimus,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 19:

oportet enim omnia aut ad alienum arbitrium aut ad suum facere,

Plin. Ep. 6, 14; so Suet. Claud. 2:

alienum cursum alienumque rectorem, velut captā nave, sequi,

Plin. Pan. 82, 3; Tac. A. 15, 1 fin.:

pudicitiae neque suae neque alienae pepercit,

Suet. Calig. 36:

epistolas orationesque et edicta alieno formabat ingenio,

i. e. caused to be written by another, id. Dom. 20:

te conjux aliena capit,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 46; 1, 1, 110; so id. ib. 1, 3, 116:

vulnus,

intended for another, Verg. A. 10, 781: aliena [p. 85] cornua, of Actæon transformed into a stag, Ov. M. 3, 139:

alieno Marte pugnabant, sc. equites,

i. e. without horses, as footmen, Liv. 3, 62: aes alienum, lit. another's money; hence, in reference to him who has it, a debt; cf. aes. So also:

aliena nomina,

debts in others' names, debts contracted by others, Sall. C. 35, 3.—

Esp.

In reference to relationship or friendship, not belonging to one, alien from, not related or allied, not friendly, inimical, strange, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 43:

alienus est ab nostrā familiā,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 28; id. Heaut. 5, 4, 6 Ruhnk.:

multi ex finibus suis egressi se suaque omnia alienissimis crediderunt,

to utter strangers, Caes. B. G. 6, 31:

non alienus sanguine regibus,

Liv. 29, 29; Vell. 2, 76.—

Hence alienus and propinquus are antith.,

Cic. Lael. 5, 19:

ut neque amicis neque etiam alienioribus desim,

id. Fam. 1, 9 Manut.:

ut tuum factum alieni hominis, meum vero conjunctissimi et amicissimi esse videatur,

id. ib. 3, 6.—

Trop.: alienum esse in or ab aliquā re, to be a stranger to a thing, i. e. not to be versed in or familiar with, not to understand:

in physicis Epicurus totus est alienus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 17:

homo non alienus a litteris,

not a stranger to, not unversed in, id. Verr. 2, 2, 26.—

Foreign to a thing, i. e. not suited to it, unsuitable, incongruous, inadequate, inconsistent, unseasonable, inapposite, different from (opp. aptus); constr. with gen., dat., abl., and ab; cf. Burm. ad Ov. F. 1, 4; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 5; Spald. ad Quint. 6, 3, 33; Zumpt, Gr. § 384.

With gen.:

pacis (deorum),

Lucr. 6, 69:

salutis,

id. 3, 832:

aliarum rerum,

id. 6, 1064:

dignitatis alicujus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 4, 11:

neque aliena consili (sc. domus D. Bruti),

convenient for consultation, Sall. C. 40, 5 Kritz al.—

With dat.:

quod illi causae maxime est alienum,

Cic. Caecin. 9, 24: arti oratoriae, Quint. prooem. 5; 4, 2, 62; Sen. Q. N. 4 praef.—

With abl.:

neque hoc dii alienum ducunt majestate suā,

Cic. Div. 1, 38, 83:

homine alienissimum,

id. Off. 1, 13, 41:

dignitate imperii,

id. Prov. Cons. 8, 18:

amicitiā,

id. Fam. 11, 27:

existimatione meā,

id. Att. 6, 1:

domus magis his aliena malis,

farther from, Hor. S. 1, 9, 50:

loco, tempore,

Quint. 6, 3, 33.—

With ab:

alienum a vitā meā,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 21: a dignitate rei publicae, Tib. Gracch. ap. Gell. 7, 19, 7:

a sapiente,

Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

a dignitate,

id. Fam. 4, 7:

navigationis labor alienus non ab aetate solum nostrā, verum etiam a dignitate,

id. Att. 16, 3.—

With inf. or clause as subject:

nec aptius est quidquam ad opes tuendas quam diligi, nec alienius quam timeri,

Cic. Off. 2, 7, 23:

non alienum videtur, quale praemium Miltiadi sit tributum, docere,

Nep. Milt. 6, 1.—

Averse, hostile, unfriendly, unfavorable to:

illum alieno animo a nobis esse res ipsa indicat,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 40; Cic. Deiot. 9, 24:

a Pyrrho non nimis alienos animos habemus,

id. Lael. 8 fin.:

sin a me est alienior,

id. Fam. 2, 17:

ex alienissimis amicissimos reddere,

id. ib. 15, 4 al.:

Muciani animus nec Vespasiano alienus,

Tac. H. 2, 74.—Rar. transf. to things; as in the histt., alienus locus, a place or ground unfavorable for an engagement, disadvantageous (opp. suus or opportunus; cf.

Gron. Obs. 4, 17, 275): alieno loco proelium committunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 15:

alienissimo sibi loco contra opportunissimo hostibus conflixit,

Nep. Them. 4, 5 Brem.—So of time unfitting, inconvenient, unfavorable, Varr. R. R. 3, 16:

ad judicium corrumpendum tempus alienum,

Cic. Verr. 1, 5; id. Caecin. 67:

vir egregius alienissimo rei publicae tempore exstinctus,

id. Brut. 1; id. Fam. 15, 14.—Of other things: alienum ( dangerous, perilous, hurtful) suis rationibus, Sall. C. 56, 5; Cels. 4, 5.—

In medic. lang.

Of the body, dead, corrupted, paralyzed (cf. alieno, II. B. 2.), Scrib. Comp. 201.—

Of the mind, insane, mad (cf. alieno and alienatio):

Neque solum illis aliena mens erat, qui conscii conjurationis fuerant,

Sall. C. 37, 1 Herz.—

Subst.

ălĭēnus, i, m., a stranger.

One not belonging to one's house, family, or country:

apud me cenant alieni novem,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 21:

ut non ejectus ad alienos, sed invitatus ad tuos īsse videaris,

Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 23:

quas copias proximis suppeditari aequius est, eas transferunt ad alienos,

id. Off. 1, 14: cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni, id. Am. 5, 19:

quasi ad alienos durius loquebatur,

Vulg. Gen. 42, 7:

a filiis suis an ab alienis?

ib. Matt. 17, 24:

cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni,

Cic. Lael. 5:

quod alieno testimonium redderem, in eo non fraudabo avum meum,

Vell. 2, 76.—

One not related to a person or thing:

in longinquos, in propinquos, in alienos, in suos irruebat,

Cic. Mil. 28, 76:

vel alienissimus rusticae vitae, naturae benignitatem miretur,

Col. 3, 21, 3.—

ălĭēnum, i, n., the property of a stranger:

Haec erunt vilici officia: alieno manum abstineant, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 5, 1:

alieno abstinuit,

Suet. Tit. 7:

ex alieno largiri,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 8; so,

de alieno largiri,

Just. 36, 3, 9:

alieni appetens, sui profugus,

Sall. C. 5; Liv. 5, 5:

in aliena aedificium exstruere,

Cic. Mil. 27, 74 (cf.:

in alieno solo aedificare,

Dig. 41, 1, 7).— Plur.,

The property of a stranger:

quid est aliud aliis sua eripere, aliis dare aliena?

Cic. Off. 2, 23; Liv. 30, 30: aliena pervadere, a foreign (in opp. to the Roman) province, Amm. 23, 1.—

The affairs or interests of strangers: Men. Chreme, tantumue ab re tuast oti tibi, aliena ut cures, ea, quae nihil ad te attinent. Chrem. Homo sum;

humani nihil a me alienum puto,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 23:

aliena ut melius videant quam sua,

id. ib. 3, 1, 95.—

Things strange, foreign, not belonging to the matter in hand:

Quod si hominibus bonarum rerum tanta cura esset, quanto studio aliena ac nihil profutura multumque etiam periculosa petunt, etc.,

Sall. J. 1, 5; hence, aliena loqui, to talk strangely, wildly, like a crazy person:

Quin etiam, sic me dicunt aliena locutum, Ut foret amenti nomen in ore tuum,

Ov. Tr. 3, 19:

interdum in accessione aegros desipere et aliena loqui,

Cels. 3, 18 (v. alieniloquium).

► Comp. rare, but sup. very freq.; no adv. in use.

ălĭēnus, a, um [2. alius].

Adj.

In gen., that belongs to another person, place, object, etc., not one's own, another's, of another, foreign, alien (opp. suus): NEVE. ALIENAM. SEGETEM. PELLEXERIS., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, and Serv. ad Verg. E. 8, 99: plus ex alieno jecore sapiunt quam ex suo, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 57; Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 111; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 88, and Lind. ib. 2, 3, 3: quom sciet alienum puerum ( the child of another) tolli pro suo, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 61:

in aedīs inruit Alienas,

id. Ad. 1, 2, 9; id. And. 1, 1, 125:

alienae partes anni,

Lucr. 1, 182; so Verg. G. 2, 149:

pecuniis alienis locupletari,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

cura rerum alienarum,

id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 2, 23, 83:

alienos mores ad suos referre,

Nep. Epam. 1, 1:

in altissimo gradu alienis opibus poni,

Cic. Sest. 20:

semper regibus aliena virtus formidolosa est,

Sall. C. 7, 2:

amissis bonis alienas opes exspectare,

id. ib. 58. 10 Herz.:

aliena mulier,

another man's wife, Cic. Cael. 37:

mulier alieni viri sermonibus assuefacta,

of another woman's husband, Liv. 1, 46:

virtutem et bonum alienum oderunt,

id. 35, 43:

alienis pedibus ambulamus, alienis oculis agnoscimus, alienā memoriā salutamus, alienā operā vivimus,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 19:

oportet enim omnia aut ad alienum arbitrium aut ad suum facere,

Plin. Ep. 6, 14; so Suet. Claud. 2:

alienum cursum alienumque rectorem, velut captā nave, sequi,

Plin. Pan. 82, 3; Tac. A. 15, 1 fin.:

pudicitiae neque suae neque alienae pepercit,

Suet. Calig. 36:

epistolas orationesque et edicta alieno formabat ingenio,

i. e. caused to be written by another, id. Dom. 20:

te conjux aliena capit,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 46; 1, 1, 110; so id. ib. 1, 3, 116:

vulnus,

intended for another, Verg. A. 10, 781: aliena [p. 85] cornua, of Actæon transformed into a stag, Ov. M. 3, 139:

alieno Marte pugnabant, sc. equites,

i. e. without horses, as footmen, Liv. 3, 62: aes alienum, lit. another's money; hence, in reference to him who has it, a debt; cf. aes. So also:

aliena nomina,

debts in others' names, debts contracted by others, Sall. C. 35, 3.—

Esp.

In reference to relationship or friendship, not belonging to one, alien from, not related or allied, not friendly, inimical, strange, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 43:

alienus est ab nostrā familiā,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 28; id. Heaut. 5, 4, 6 Ruhnk.:

multi ex finibus suis egressi se suaque omnia alienissimis crediderunt,

to utter strangers, Caes. B. G. 6, 31:

non alienus sanguine regibus,

Liv. 29, 29; Vell. 2, 76.—

Hence alienus and propinquus are antith.,

Cic. Lael. 5, 19:

ut neque amicis neque etiam alienioribus desim,

id. Fam. 1, 9 Manut.:

ut tuum factum alieni hominis, meum vero conjunctissimi et amicissimi esse videatur,

id. ib. 3, 6.—

Trop.: alienum esse in or ab aliquā re, to be a stranger to a thing, i. e. not to be versed in or familiar with, not to understand:

in physicis Epicurus totus est alienus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 17:

homo non alienus a litteris,

not a stranger to, not unversed in, id. Verr. 2, 2, 26.—

Foreign to a thing, i. e. not suited to it, unsuitable, incongruous, inadequate, inconsistent, unseasonable, inapposite, different from (opp. aptus); constr. with gen., dat., abl., and ab; cf. Burm. ad Ov. F. 1, 4; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 5; Spald. ad Quint. 6, 3, 33; Zumpt, Gr. § 384.

With gen.:

pacis (deorum),

Lucr. 6, 69:

salutis,

id. 3, 832:

aliarum rerum,

id. 6, 1064:

dignitatis alicujus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 4, 11:

neque aliena consili (sc. domus D. Bruti),

convenient for consultation, Sall. C. 40, 5 Kritz al.—

With dat.:

quod illi causae maxime est alienum,

Cic. Caecin. 9, 24: arti oratoriae, Quint. prooem. 5; 4, 2, 62; Sen. Q. N. 4 praef.—

With abl.:

neque hoc dii alienum ducunt majestate suā,

Cic. Div. 1, 38, 83:

homine alienissimum,

id. Off. 1, 13, 41:

dignitate imperii,

id. Prov. Cons. 8, 18:

amicitiā,

id. Fam. 11, 27:

existimatione meā,

id. Att. 6, 1:

domus magis his aliena malis,

farther from, Hor. S. 1, 9, 50:

loco, tempore,

Quint. 6, 3, 33.—

With ab:

alienum a vitā meā,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 21: a dignitate rei publicae, Tib. Gracch. ap. Gell. 7, 19, 7:

a sapiente,

Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

a dignitate,

id. Fam. 4, 7:

navigationis labor alienus non ab aetate solum nostrā, verum etiam a dignitate,

id. Att. 16, 3.—

With inf. or clause as subject:

nec aptius est quidquam ad opes tuendas quam diligi, nec alienius quam timeri,

Cic. Off. 2, 7, 23:

non alienum videtur, quale praemium Miltiadi sit tributum, docere,

Nep. Milt. 6, 1.—

Averse, hostile, unfriendly, unfavorable to:

illum alieno animo a nobis esse res ipsa indicat,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 40; Cic. Deiot. 9, 24:

a Pyrrho non nimis alienos animos habemus,

id. Lael. 8 fin.:

sin a me est alienior,

id. Fam. 2, 17:

ex alienissimis amicissimos reddere,

id. ib. 15, 4 al.:

Muciani animus nec Vespasiano alienus,

Tac. H. 2, 74.—Rar. transf. to things; as in the histt., alienus locus, a place or ground unfavorable for an engagement, disadvantageous (opp. suus or opportunus; cf.

Gron. Obs. 4, 17, 275): alieno loco proelium committunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 15:

alienissimo sibi loco contra opportunissimo hostibus conflixit,

Nep. Them. 4, 5 Brem.—So of time unfitting, inconvenient, unfavorable, Varr. R. R. 3, 16:

ad judicium corrumpendum tempus alienum,

Cic. Verr. 1, 5; id. Caecin. 67:

vir egregius alienissimo rei publicae tempore exstinctus,

id. Brut. 1; id. Fam. 15, 14.—Of other things: alienum ( dangerous, perilous, hurtful) suis rationibus, Sall. C. 56, 5; Cels. 4, 5.—

In medic. lang.

Of the body, dead, corrupted, paralyzed (cf. alieno, II. B. 2.), Scrib. Comp. 201.—

Of the mind, insane, mad (cf. alieno and alienatio):

Neque solum illis aliena mens erat, qui conscii conjurationis fuerant,

Sall. C. 37, 1 Herz.—

Subst.

ălĭēnus, i, m., a stranger.

One not belonging to one's house, family, or country:

apud me cenant alieni novem,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 21:

ut non ejectus ad alienos, sed invitatus ad tuos īsse videaris,

Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 23:

quas copias proximis suppeditari aequius est, eas transferunt ad alienos,

id. Off. 1, 14: cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni, id. Am. 5, 19:

quasi ad alienos durius loquebatur,

Vulg. Gen. 42, 7:

a filiis suis an ab alienis?

ib. Matt. 17, 24:

cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni,

Cic. Lael. 5:

quod alieno testimonium redderem, in eo non fraudabo avum meum,

Vell. 2, 76.—

One not related to a person or thing:

in longinquos, in propinquos, in alienos, in suos irruebat,

Cic. Mil. 28, 76:

vel alienissimus rusticae vitae, naturae benignitatem miretur,

Col. 3, 21, 3.—

ălĭēnum, i, n., the property of a stranger:

Haec erunt vilici officia: alieno manum abstineant, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 5, 1:

alieno abstinuit,

Suet. Tit. 7:

ex alieno largiri,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 8; so,

de alieno largiri,

Just. 36, 3, 9:

alieni appetens, sui profugus,

Sall. C. 5; Liv. 5, 5:

in aliena aedificium exstruere,

Cic. Mil. 27, 74 (cf.:

in alieno solo aedificare,

Dig. 41, 1, 7).— Plur.,

The property of a stranger:

quid est aliud aliis sua eripere, aliis dare aliena?

Cic. Off. 2, 23; Liv. 30, 30: aliena pervadere, a foreign (in opp. to the Roman) province, Amm. 23, 1.—

The affairs or interests of strangers: Men. Chreme, tantumue ab re tuast oti tibi, aliena ut cures, ea, quae nihil ad te attinent. Chrem. Homo sum;

humani nihil a me alienum puto,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 23:

aliena ut melius videant quam sua,

id. ib. 3, 1, 95.—

Things strange, foreign, not belonging to the matter in hand:

Quod si hominibus bonarum rerum tanta cura esset, quanto studio aliena ac nihil profutura multumque etiam periculosa petunt, etc.,

Sall. J. 1, 5; hence, aliena loqui, to talk strangely, wildly, like a crazy person:

Quin etiam, sic me dicunt aliena locutum, Ut foret amenti nomen in ore tuum,

Ov. Tr. 3, 19:

interdum in accessione aegros desipere et aliena loqui,

Cels. 3, 18 (v. alieniloquium).

► Comp. rare, but sup. very freq.; no adv. in use.

lŏcus (old form stlocus, like stlis for lis, Quint. 1, 4, 16), i, m. ( lŏcum, i, n., Inscr. ap. Grut. 129, 14; plur. loci, single places; loca, places connected with each other, a region; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 666 sq., and v. infra), a place, spot.

Lit.

In gen.:

adsedistis in festivo loco,

i. e. the theatre, Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 83:

locum sibi velle liberum praeberier, ubi nequam faciat clam,

id. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 3, 44; cf.

3, 2, 25: omnes copias in unum locum convenire,

Cic. Att. 8, 16, 2:

Galli qui ea loca incolerent,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

locorum situm naturam regionis nosse,

Liv. 22, 38:

Romae per omnes locos,

Sall. J. 32:

facere alicui locum in turba,

Ov. A. A. 2, 210:

ex loco superiore agere, of an orator speaking from the rostra, or of a judge pronouncing judgment: de loco superiore dicere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

ex aequo loco, of one speaking in the Senate or conversing with another: et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habiti,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

ex inferiore loco,

to speak before a judge, id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: primus locus aedium, a dwelling on the ground-floor, Nep. praef. 6.— A post, position: loco movere, to drive from a place or post, Ter. Phorm. prol. 32; so,

loco deicere,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 30:

loco cedere,

to give way, abandon one's post, retire, Sall. C. 9; Caes. B. G. 1, 15.—

In partic.

A place, seat, in the theatre, the circus, or the forum:

Servi ne obsideant, liberis ut sit locus,

room, seats, Plaut. Cas. prol. 23.—

Esp. the place assigned by the Senate to foreign ambassadors: locum ad spectandum dare,

Cic. Mur. 35, 73; 34, 72; so Liv. 30, 17. — Plur. loca, Liv. 34, 44, 5; Vell. 2, 32, 3; Suet. Claud. 21; id. Ner. 11; Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 21.—But plur. loci, Tac. A. 15, 32.—

So of the lodging, quarters, place of abode assigned to foreign ambassadors for their residence:

locus inde lautiaque legatis praeberi jussa,

Liv. 28, 39, 19; 30, 17, 14; 42, 26, 5; Symm. Ep. 4, 56; Sid. Ep. 8, 12:

loca lautia,

App. M. 3, p. 140, 30.—

A piece or part of an estate:

stricte loquendo locus non est fundus sed pars aliqua fundi,

Dig. 50, 16, 60:

locus certus ex fundo possideri potest,

ib. 41, 2, 26.—

A place, spot, locality; a country region: hau longe abesse oportet homines hinc;

ita hic lepidust locus,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 35:

nunc hoc ubi abstrudam cogito solum locum,

id. Aul. 4, 6, 7:

non hoc ut oppido praeposui, sed ut loco,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 10; Verg. A. 1, 530; Caes. B. G. 5, 12.— Poet. of the inhabitants of a place, a neighborhood:

numina vicinorum odit uterque locus,

Juv. 15, 37.—Of a place where a city once stood, a site:

locus Pherae,

Plin. 4, 5, 6, § 13:

locus Buprasium, Hyrmine,

id. ib.; cf. Ov. F. 2, 280.— Plur. rarely loci:

quos locos adiisti,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 86:

locos tenere,

Liv. 5, 35, 1:

occupare,

Sall. J. 18, 4; 76, 1; Lucr. 4, 509; Verg. A. 1, 306; 2, 28; Prop. 4 (5), 8, 22; Tac. A. 1, 61; 13, 36; Suet. Tib. 43.—Usually loca:

loca haec circiter,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 8:

venisse in illa loca,

Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 5; id. Fin. 5, 1, 2 sq.; Caes. B. G. 2, 4, 2; Lucr. 1, 373; 2, 146; Cat. 9, 7; 63, 3; Sall. J. 18, 11; 54, 3; Verg. G. 2, 140; id. A. 1, 51; 2, 495; Hor. C. 1, 22, 7; Tib. 4, 1, 97; Ov. M. 10, 29; Liv. 1, 1, 5; 1, 5, 2; 1, 6, 4 et saep.—

In war [p. 1075] or battle, a post, station (plur. loca):

tum loca sorte legunt,

Verg. A. 5, 132:

loca jussa tenere,

id. ib. 10, 238:

loca servare,

Amm. 25, 6, 14.—

Loci and loca, of parts of the body:

loci nervosi,

Cels. 5, 26, 26.—Esp.:

muliebres,

Varr. L. L. 5, 2, 15; and without adj., in females, the womb:

si ea lotio locos fovebit,

Cato, R. R. 157, 11:

cum in locis semen insederit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 51; Cels. 2, 8. —Of animals, Col. 6, 27, 10.—Of birds, Col. 8, 11, 8; Lucr. 14, 1246; Plin. 11, 37, 84, § 209; Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 17:

genitalia,

Col. 7, 7, 4; cf. id. 8, 7, 2; 8, 11, 8;

in males,

Lucr. 4, 1034; 4, 1045.—

Communis locus,

The place of the dead:

qui nunc abierunt hinc in communem locum,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 19.—

A public place:

Sthenius... qui oppidum non maximum maximis ex pecunia sua locis communibus monumentisque decoravit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112.—

A burial-place, grave; very freq. in epitaphs; v. Inscr. Orell. 8; 4499; 4500 sq.

Trop.

A topic of discussion or thought; a matter, subject, point, head or division of a subject.

In gen.:

cum fundamentum esset philosophiae positum in finibus bonorum, perpurgatus est is locus a nobis quinque libris,

Cic. Div. 2, 1, 2:

Theophrastus cum tractat locos ab Aristotele ante tractatos,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 6:

hic locus, de natura usuque verborum,

id. Or. 48, 162:

philosophiae noti et tractati loci,

id. ib. 33, 118:

ex quattuor locis in quos honesti naturam vimque divisimus,

id. Off. 1, 6, 18; id. Inv. 2, 3, 11; 2, 5, 16; 2, 8, 26 et saep.; Quint. 2, 4, 27; 2, 11, 6; 5, 8, 4; Juv. 6, 245; Tac. Or. 31.—

Esp.: loci, the grounds of proof, the points on which proofs are founded or from which they are deduced:

cum pervestigare argumentum aliquod volumus, locos nosse debemus,

Cic. Top. 2, 7; id. de Or. 1, 13, 56; 3, 55, 210:

traditi sunt ex quibus argumenta ducantur duplices loci,

id. Or. 35; so sing.:

itaque licet definire, locum esse argumenti sedem,

id. Top. 2.—

Esp.: loci communes, general arguments, which do not grow out of the particular facts of a case, but are applicable to any class of cases:

pars (argumentorum) est pervagatior et aut in omnis ejusdem generis aut in plerasque causas adcommodata: haec ergo argumenta, quae transferri in multas causas possunt, locos communis nominamus,

Cic. Inv. 2, 14, 47 sq.; cf. the passage at length; id. ib. 2, 16, 50 sq.; 2, 18, 56; Auct. Her. 3, 8, 15; Quint. 2, 1, 9; 3, 1, 12; 5, 1, 3; 5, 13, 57 al.— Sing.:

vix ullus est tam communis locus, qui possit cohaerere cum causa, nisi aliquo proprio quaestionis vinculo copulatus,

Quint. 2, 4, 30:

locus, for communis locus,

id. 4, 2, 117; 5, 7, 32.—

A passage in a book or author; plur. loci (Zumpt, Gram. §

99): locos quosdam transferam,

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 1, 1, 36; 1, 4, 4; 5, 13, 42; 6, 3, 36; Tac. Or. 22:

locos Lucreti plurimos sectare,

Gell. 1, 21, 7;

but rarely loca: loca jam recitata,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 223; Amm. 29, 2, 8.—

Room, opportunity, cause, occasion, place, time, etc., for any thing:

et cognoscendi et ignoscendi dabitur peccati locus,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 6:

avaritia paululum aliquid loci rationi et consilio dedisset,

Cic. Quint. 16, 53:

de tuo in me animo iniquis secus existimandi videris nonnihil dedisse loci,

to have given occasion, cause, reason, id. Fam. 3, 6, 6:

dare suspicioni locum,

id. Cael. 4, 9:

dare locum dubitationis,

id. Balb. 6, 16; Val. Fl. 4, 451: locum habere, to find a place:

qui dolorem summum malum dicit, apud eum, quem locum habet fortitudo?

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117:

in hoc altero dicacitatis quid habet ars loci?

id. de Or. 2, 54, 219; so,

locus est alicui rei: legi Aquiliae locus est adversus te,

Dig. 9, 2, 27; cf.:

huic edicto locus est,

ib. 37, 10, 6; cf.:

meritis vacat hic tibi locus,

Verg. A. 11, 179:

cum defendendi negandive non est locus,

Quint. 5, 13, 8:

quaerendi,

id. 3, 8, 21.—Also in the sense of there is place for any thing, it finds acceptance:

in poëtis non Homero soli locus est aut Archilocho, etc.,

Cic. Or. 1, 4:

si in mea familiaritate locus esset nemini nisi, etc.,

id. Planc. 33, 82:

maledicto nihil loci est,

id. Mur. 5, 12: locum non relinquere, to leave no room for, not to admit, to exclude:

vita turpis ne morti quidem honestae locum relinquit,

id. Quint. 15, 49; so,

nec precibus nostris nec admonitionibus relinquit locum,

id. Fam. 1, 1, 2: nancisci locum, to find occasion:

nactus locum resecandae libidinis,

id. Att. 1, 18, 2:

valde gaudeo, si est nunc ullus gaudendi locus,

id. ib. 9, 7, 6.—

In aliquo loco esse, to be in any place, position, situation, condition, state, relation:

si ego in istoc siem loco, dem potius aurum, quam, etc.,

position, place, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 116:

tanta ibi copia venustatum aderat, in suo quaeque loco sita munde,

id. Poen. 5, 4, 8:

in uxoris loco habere,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 52:

in liberūm loco esse,

Cic. de Or. 2, 49, 200; id. Planc. 11, 28; id. Brut. 1, 1; but more freq. without in:

is si eo loco esset, negavit se facturum,

id. Fam. 4, 4, 4:

eodem loco esse,

Sen. Ben. 3, 8, 2; 7, 14, 6.—Esp. with a gen.:

parentis loco esse,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61:

hostium loco esse,

Liv. 2, 4, 7:

fratris loco esse,

Cic. Fam. 5, 3, 1; 7, 3, 6; Quint. 6, 1, 7:

nec vero hic locus est, ut, etc.,

not the proper occasion, Cic. Tusc. 4, 1, 1; id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33.— Hence, loco or in loco, at the right place or time, seasonably, suitably:

posuisti loco versus Attianos,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

epistolae non in loco redditae,

id. ib. 11, 16, 1:

dulce est desipere in loco,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 28; so,

locis: non insurgit locis? non figuris gaudet?

Quint. 12, 10, 23:

quo res summa loco?

in what condition? Verg. A. 2, 322:

quo sit fortuna loco,

id. ib. 9, 723:

quo sit Romana loco res,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 25:

quo tua sit fortuna loco,

Stat. Th. 7, 558:

missis nuntiis, quo loco res essent,

Liv. 2, 47, 5:

primo loco,

in the first place, first in order, Juv. 5, 12.—Freq. as a partit. gen.:

quo loci for quo loco,

Cic. Att. 8, 10; id. Div. 2, 66:

eo loci for eo loco,

id. Sest. 31, 68; Tac. A. 15, 74:

eodem loci,

Suet. Calig. 53:

ubi loci,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 26:

ibidem loci,

id. Cist. 3, 1, 53:

interea loci for interea,

meanwhile, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 46:

postea loci,

after that, afterwards, Sall. J. 102:

ubicumque locorum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 34:

adhuc locorum,

hitherto, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 25:

ad id locorum,

to that time, till then, hitherto, Sall. J. 63, 6; 73, 2; Liv. 22, 38, 12:

post id locorum,

after that, thereupon, Plaut. Cas. 1, 32:

inde loci,

since then, Lucr. 5, 437.—

Place, position, degree, rank, order, office, of persons or things:

summus locus civitatis,

Cic. Clu. 55, 150:

tua dignitas suum locum obtinebit,

id. Fam. 3, 9, 2:

quem locum apud ipsum Caesarem obtinuisti?

id. Phil. 2, 29, 71:

res erat et causa nostra eo jam loci, ut, etc.,

id. Sest. 31, 68:

Socrates voluptatem nullo loco numerat,

id. Fin. 2, 28, 90:

codem loco habere, quo, etc.,

id. Prov. Cons. 17, 41; Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 6; 7, 77, 3; id. B. C. 1, 84, 2:

indignantes eodem se loco esse, quo, etc.,

Liv. 42, 37, 8:

sed esto, neque melius quod invenimus esse, neque par, est certe proximus locus,

Quint. 10, 5, 6:

erat ordine proximus locus,

id. 7, 3, 36:

humili loco,

id. 4, 2, 2.— Plur. loca:

ut patricii recuperarent duo consularia loca,

Liv. 10, 15, 8:

quinque augurum loca,

id. 10, 8, 3; 42, 34, 15:

omnia loca obtinuere, ne cui plebeio aditus esset,

id. 4, 57, 11; Tac. A. 2, 55:

Vesta loca prima tenet,

Ov. F. 6, 304.—Esp. of birth:

infimo loco natus,

Cic. Fl. 11, 24:

esse summo loco natus,

id. Planc. 25, 60:

Tanaquil summo loco nata,

Liv. 1, 34.—

Loco, adverbially, in the place of, instead of, for:

criminis loco putant esse, quod vivam,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 6:

haec filium suum sibi praemii loco deposcit,

id. Inv. 2, 49, 144.

lŏcus (old form stlocus, like stlis for lis, Quint. 1, 4, 16), i, m. ( lŏcum, i, n., Inscr. ap. Grut. 129, 14; plur. loci, single places; loca, places connected with each other, a region; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 666 sq., and v. infra), a place, spot.

Lit.

In gen.:

adsedistis in festivo loco,

i. e. the theatre, Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 83:

locum sibi velle liberum praeberier, ubi nequam faciat clam,

id. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 3, 44; cf.

3, 2, 25: omnes copias in unum locum convenire,

Cic. Att. 8, 16, 2:

Galli qui ea loca incolerent,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

locorum situm naturam regionis nosse,

Liv. 22, 38:

Romae per omnes locos,

Sall. J. 32:

facere alicui locum in turba,

Ov. A. A. 2, 210:

ex loco superiore agere, of an orator speaking from the rostra, or of a judge pronouncing judgment: de loco superiore dicere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

ex aequo loco, of one speaking in the Senate or conversing with another: et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habiti,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

ex inferiore loco,

to speak before a judge, id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: primus locus aedium, a dwelling on the ground-floor, Nep. praef. 6.— A post, position: loco movere, to drive from a place or post, Ter. Phorm. prol. 32; so,

loco deicere,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 30:

loco cedere,

to give way, abandon one's post, retire, Sall. C. 9; Caes. B. G. 1, 15.—

In partic.

A place, seat, in the theatre, the circus, or the forum:

Servi ne obsideant, liberis ut sit locus,

room, seats, Plaut. Cas. prol. 23.—

Esp. the place assigned by the Senate to foreign ambassadors: locum ad spectandum dare,

Cic. Mur. 35, 73; 34, 72; so Liv. 30, 17. — Plur. loca, Liv. 34, 44, 5; Vell. 2, 32, 3; Suet. Claud. 21; id. Ner. 11; Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 21.—But plur. loci, Tac. A. 15, 32.—

So of the lodging, quarters, place of abode assigned to foreign ambassadors for their residence:

locus inde lautiaque legatis praeberi jussa,

Liv. 28, 39, 19; 30, 17, 14; 42, 26, 5; Symm. Ep. 4, 56; Sid. Ep. 8, 12:

loca lautia,

App. M. 3, p. 140, 30.—

A piece or part of an estate:

stricte loquendo locus non est fundus sed pars aliqua fundi,

Dig. 50, 16, 60:

locus certus ex fundo possideri potest,

ib. 41, 2, 26.—

A place, spot, locality; a country region: hau longe abesse oportet homines hinc;

ita hic lepidust locus,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 35:

nunc hoc ubi abstrudam cogito solum locum,

id. Aul. 4, 6, 7:

non hoc ut oppido praeposui, sed ut loco,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 10; Verg. A. 1, 530; Caes. B. G. 5, 12.— Poet. of the inhabitants of a place, a neighborhood:

numina vicinorum odit uterque locus,

Juv. 15, 37.—Of a place where a city once stood, a site:

locus Pherae,

Plin. 4, 5, 6, § 13:

locus Buprasium, Hyrmine,

id. ib.; cf. Ov. F. 2, 280.— Plur. rarely loci:

quos locos adiisti,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 86:

locos tenere,

Liv. 5, 35, 1:

occupare,

Sall. J. 18, 4; 76, 1; Lucr. 4, 509; Verg. A. 1, 306; 2, 28; Prop. 4 (5), 8, 22; Tac. A. 1, 61; 13, 36; Suet. Tib. 43.—Usually loca:

loca haec circiter,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 8:

venisse in illa loca,

Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 5; id. Fin. 5, 1, 2 sq.; Caes. B. G. 2, 4, 2; Lucr. 1, 373; 2, 146; Cat. 9, 7; 63, 3; Sall. J. 18, 11; 54, 3; Verg. G. 2, 140; id. A. 1, 51; 2, 495; Hor. C. 1, 22, 7; Tib. 4, 1, 97; Ov. M. 10, 29; Liv. 1, 1, 5; 1, 5, 2; 1, 6, 4 et saep.—

In war [p. 1075] or battle, a post, station (plur. loca):

tum loca sorte legunt,

Verg. A. 5, 132:

loca jussa tenere,

id. ib. 10, 238:

loca servare,

Amm. 25, 6, 14.—

Loci and loca, of parts of the body:

loci nervosi,

Cels. 5, 26, 26.—Esp.:

muliebres,

Varr. L. L. 5, 2, 15; and without adj., in females, the womb:

si ea lotio locos fovebit,

Cato, R. R. 157, 11:

cum in locis semen insederit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 51; Cels. 2, 8. —Of animals, Col. 6, 27, 10.—Of birds, Col. 8, 11, 8; Lucr. 14, 1246; Plin. 11, 37, 84, § 209; Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 17:

genitalia,

Col. 7, 7, 4; cf. id. 8, 7, 2; 8, 11, 8;

in males,

Lucr. 4, 1034; 4, 1045.—

Communis locus,

The place of the dead:

qui nunc abierunt hinc in communem locum,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 19.—

A public place:

Sthenius... qui oppidum non maximum maximis ex pecunia sua locis communibus monumentisque decoravit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112.—

A burial-place, grave; very freq. in epitaphs; v. Inscr. Orell. 8; 4499; 4500 sq.

Trop.

A topic of discussion or thought; a matter, subject, point, head or division of a subject.

In gen.:

cum fundamentum esset philosophiae positum in finibus bonorum, perpurgatus est is locus a nobis quinque libris,

Cic. Div. 2, 1, 2:

Theophrastus cum tractat locos ab Aristotele ante tractatos,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 6:

hic locus, de natura usuque verborum,

id. Or. 48, 162:

philosophiae noti et tractati loci,

id. ib. 33, 118:

ex quattuor locis in quos honesti naturam vimque divisimus,

id. Off. 1, 6, 18; id. Inv. 2, 3, 11; 2, 5, 16; 2, 8, 26 et saep.; Quint. 2, 4, 27; 2, 11, 6; 5, 8, 4; Juv. 6, 245; Tac. Or. 31.—

Esp.: loci, the grounds of proof, the points on which proofs are founded or from which they are deduced:

cum pervestigare argumentum aliquod volumus, locos nosse debemus,

Cic. Top. 2, 7; id. de Or. 1, 13, 56; 3, 55, 210:

traditi sunt ex quibus argumenta ducantur duplices loci,

id. Or. 35; so sing.:

itaque licet definire, locum esse argumenti sedem,

id. Top. 2.—

Esp.: loci communes, general arguments, which do not grow out of the particular facts of a case, but are applicable to any class of cases:

pars (argumentorum) est pervagatior et aut in omnis ejusdem generis aut in plerasque causas adcommodata: haec ergo argumenta, quae transferri in multas causas possunt, locos communis nominamus,

Cic. Inv. 2, 14, 47 sq.; cf. the passage at length; id. ib. 2, 16, 50 sq.; 2, 18, 56; Auct. Her. 3, 8, 15; Quint. 2, 1, 9; 3, 1, 12; 5, 1, 3; 5, 13, 57 al.— Sing.:

vix ullus est tam communis locus, qui possit cohaerere cum causa, nisi aliquo proprio quaestionis vinculo copulatus,

Quint. 2, 4, 30:

locus, for communis locus,

id. 4, 2, 117; 5, 7, 32.—

A passage in a book or author; plur. loci (Zumpt, Gram. §

99): locos quosdam transferam,

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 1, 1, 36; 1, 4, 4; 5, 13, 42; 6, 3, 36; Tac. Or. 22:

locos Lucreti plurimos sectare,

Gell. 1, 21, 7;

but rarely loca: loca jam recitata,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 223; Amm. 29, 2, 8.—

Room, opportunity, cause, occasion, place, time, etc., for any thing:

et cognoscendi et ignoscendi dabitur peccati locus,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 6:

avaritia paululum aliquid loci rationi et consilio dedisset,

Cic. Quint. 16, 53:

de tuo in me animo iniquis secus existimandi videris nonnihil dedisse loci,

to have given occasion, cause, reason, id. Fam. 3, 6, 6:

dare suspicioni locum,

id. Cael. 4, 9:

dare locum dubitationis,

id. Balb. 6, 16; Val. Fl. 4, 451: locum habere, to find a place:

qui dolorem summum malum dicit, apud eum, quem locum habet fortitudo?

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117:

in hoc altero dicacitatis quid habet ars loci?

id. de Or. 2, 54, 219; so,

locus est alicui rei: legi Aquiliae locus est adversus te,

Dig. 9, 2, 27; cf.:

huic edicto locus est,

ib. 37, 10, 6; cf.:

meritis vacat hic tibi locus,

Verg. A. 11, 179:

cum defendendi negandive non est locus,

Quint. 5, 13, 8:

quaerendi,

id. 3, 8, 21.—Also in the sense of there is place for any thing, it finds acceptance:

in poëtis non Homero soli locus est aut Archilocho, etc.,

Cic. Or. 1, 4:

si in mea familiaritate locus esset nemini nisi, etc.,

id. Planc. 33, 82:

maledicto nihil loci est,

id. Mur. 5, 12: locum non relinquere, to leave no room for, not to admit, to exclude:

vita turpis ne morti quidem honestae locum relinquit,

id. Quint. 15, 49; so,

nec precibus nostris nec admonitionibus relinquit locum,

id. Fam. 1, 1, 2: nancisci locum, to find occasion:

nactus locum resecandae libidinis,

id. Att. 1, 18, 2:

valde gaudeo, si est nunc ullus gaudendi locus,

id. ib. 9, 7, 6.—

In aliquo loco esse, to be in any place, position, situation, condition, state, relation:

si ego in istoc siem loco, dem potius aurum, quam, etc.,

position, place, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 116:

tanta ibi copia venustatum aderat, in suo quaeque loco sita munde,

id. Poen. 5, 4, 8:

in uxoris loco habere,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 52:

in liberūm loco esse,

Cic. de Or. 2, 49, 200; id. Planc. 11, 28; id. Brut. 1, 1; but more freq. without in:

is si eo loco esset, negavit se facturum,

id. Fam. 4, 4, 4:

eodem loco esse,

Sen. Ben. 3, 8, 2; 7, 14, 6.—Esp. with a gen.:

parentis loco esse,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61:

hostium loco esse,

Liv. 2, 4, 7:

fratris loco esse,

Cic. Fam. 5, 3, 1; 7, 3, 6; Quint. 6, 1, 7:

nec vero hic locus est, ut, etc.,

not the proper occasion, Cic. Tusc. 4, 1, 1; id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33.— Hence, loco or in loco, at the right place or time, seasonably, suitably:

posuisti loco versus Attianos,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

epistolae non in loco redditae,

id. ib. 11, 16, 1:

dulce est desipere in loco,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 28; so,

locis: non insurgit locis? non figuris gaudet?

Quint. 12, 10, 23:

quo res summa loco?

in what condition? Verg. A. 2, 322:

quo sit fortuna loco,

id. ib. 9, 723:

quo sit Romana loco res,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 25:

quo tua sit fortuna loco,

Stat. Th. 7, 558:

missis nuntiis, quo loco res essent,

Liv. 2, 47, 5:

primo loco,

in the first place, first in order, Juv. 5, 12.—Freq. as a partit. gen.:

quo loci for quo loco,

Cic. Att. 8, 10; id. Div. 2, 66:

eo loci for eo loco,

id. Sest. 31, 68; Tac. A. 15, 74:

eodem loci,

Suet. Calig. 53:

ubi loci,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 26:

ibidem loci,

id. Cist. 3, 1, 53:

interea loci for interea,

meanwhile, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 46:

postea loci,

after that, afterwards, Sall. J. 102:

ubicumque locorum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 34:

adhuc locorum,

hitherto, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 25:

ad id locorum,

to that time, till then, hitherto, Sall. J. 63, 6; 73, 2; Liv. 22, 38, 12:

post id locorum,

after that, thereupon, Plaut. Cas. 1, 32:

inde loci,

since then, Lucr. 5, 437.—

Place, position, degree, rank, order, office, of persons or things:

summus locus civitatis,

Cic. Clu. 55, 150:

tua dignitas suum locum obtinebit,

id. Fam. 3, 9, 2:

quem locum apud ipsum Caesarem obtinuisti?

id. Phil. 2, 29, 71:

res erat et causa nostra eo jam loci, ut, etc.,

id. Sest. 31, 68:

Socrates voluptatem nullo loco numerat,

id. Fin. 2, 28, 90:

codem loco habere, quo, etc.,

id. Prov. Cons. 17, 41; Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 6; 7, 77, 3; id. B. C. 1, 84, 2:

indignantes eodem se loco esse, quo, etc.,

Liv. 42, 37, 8:

sed esto, neque melius quod invenimus esse, neque par, est certe proximus locus,

Quint. 10, 5, 6:

erat ordine proximus locus,

id. 7, 3, 36:

humili loco,

id. 4, 2, 2.— Plur. loca:

ut patricii recuperarent duo consularia loca,

Liv. 10, 15, 8:

quinque augurum loca,

id. 10, 8, 3; 42, 34, 15:

omnia loca obtinuere, ne cui plebeio aditus esset,

id. 4, 57, 11; Tac. A. 2, 55:

Vesta loca prima tenet,

Ov. F. 6, 304.—Esp. of birth:

infimo loco natus,

Cic. Fl. 11, 24:

esse summo loco natus,

id. Planc. 25, 60:

Tanaquil summo loco nata,

Liv. 1, 34.—

Loco, adverbially, in the place of, instead of, for:

criminis loco putant esse, quod vivam,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 6:

haec filium suum sibi praemii loco deposcit,

id. Inv. 2, 49, 144.

ălĭēno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [id.] (purely prosaic, but class.).

Orig., to make one person or thing another:

facere, ut aliquis alius sit. Thus, in Plaut., Sosia says to Mercury, who represented himself as Sosia: certe edepol tu me alienabis numquam, quin noster siem,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 243. So also Pliny:

sacopenium, quod apud nos gignitur, in totum transmarino alienatur,

is entirely other than, different from, the transmarine one, Plin. 20, 18, 75, § 197.—Hence, of things, a t. t. in the Roman lang. of business, to make something the property of another, to alienate, to transfer by sale (in the jurid. sense, diff. from vendere: Alienatum non proprie dicitur, quod adhuc in dominio venditoris manet? venditum tamen recte dicetur, Dig. 50, 16, 67; the former, therefore, includes the idea of a complete transfer of the thing sold):

pretio parvo ea, quae accepissent a majoribus, vendidisse atque alienāsse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 60:

venire vestras res proprias atque in perpetuum a vobis alienari,

id. Agr. 2, 21, 54:

vectigalia (opp. frui),

id. ib. 2, 13, 33; so Varr. R. R. 2, 1; Dig. 4, 7, 4.—Esp., to remove, separate, make foreign:

urbs maxuma alienata,

Sall. J. 48, 1.—

Transf. to mental objects, and with esp. reference to that from which any person or thing is separated or removed, to cast off, to alienate, estrange, set at variance, render averse, make enemies ( Abalienatus dicitur, quem quis a se removerit; alienatus, qui alienus est factus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 25 Müll.; class., esp. freq. in the part. alienatus).

In gen.:

eum omnibus eadem res publica reconciliavit, quae alienārat,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 9:

legati alienati,

id. Pis. 96:

alienati sunt peccatores,

Vulg. Psa. 51, 4; ib. Col. 1, 21:

alienari a Senatu,

Cic. Att. 1, 14:

studium ab aliquo,

id. Pis. 76:

si alienatus fuerit a me,

Vulg. Ezech. 14, 7:

alienati a viā Dei,

ib. Eph. 4, 18:

voluntatem ab aliquo,

Cic. Phil. 2, 38; id. Fam. 3, 6:

tantā contumeliā acceptā omnium suorum voluntates alienare (sc. a se),

Caes. B. G. 7, 10:

voluntate alienati,

Sall. J. 66, 2; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1:

falsā suspitione alienatum esse,

neglected, discarded, Sall. C. 35, 3:

animos eorum alienare a causā,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 21:

a dictatore animos,

Liv. 8, 35:

sibi animum alicujus,

Vell. 2, 112; Tac. H. 1, 59; Just. 1, 7, 18.—

Esp.

Mentem alienare alicui, to take away or deprive of reason, to make crazy, insane, to drive mad (not before the Aug. per., perh. first by Livy):

erat opinio Flaccum minus compotem fuisse sui: vulgo Junonis iram alienāsse mentem ferebant,

Liv. 42, 28:

signum alienatae mentis,

of insanity, Suet. Aug. 99:

alienata mens,

Sall. Rep. Ord. 2, 12, 6 (cf. Liv. 25, 39: alienatus sensibus).—And absol.:

odor sulfuris saepius haustus alienat,

deprives of reason, Sen. Q. N. 2, 53.—Hence, pass.:

alienari mente,

to be insane, Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 93:

ita alienatus mente Antiochus (erat),

Vulg. 2 Macc. 5, 17.—

In medic. lang.: alienari, of parts of the body, to die, perish:

intestina momento alienantur,

Cels. 7, 16; 8, 10; 5, 26, n. 23:

in corpore alienato,

Sen. Ep. 89:

(spodium) alienata explet,

Plin. 23, 4, 38, § 76.—

Alienari ab aliquā re, to keep at a distance from something, i. e. to be disinclined to, have an aversion for, to avoid = abhorrere (only in Cic.):

a falsā assensione magis nos alienatos esse quam a ceteris rebus,

Cic. Fin. 3, 5, 18:

alienari ab interitu iisque rebus, quae interitum videantur afferre,

id. ib. 3, 5, 16.

laetus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. root prī-, to cheer; prētis, joy, love; cf. Gr. praüs, praios; Germ. Friede, Freude; cf. also Latin gentile name, Plaetorius], joyful, cheerful, glad, gay, joyous, rejoicing, pleased, delighted, full of joy.

Lit., constr. absol., with de, the gen., the inf., or acc. and inf.

Absol.:

laeti atque erecti,

Cic. Font. 11, 33:

alacres laetique,

id. Sest. 1, 1:

vultus,

id. Att. 8, 9, 2:

dies laetissimi,

id. Lael. 3, 12.—In neutr. plur. as subst.:

litterae tuae partim laeta partim tristia continent,

Plin. Ep. 5, 9, 1.—

With de:

laetus est de amica,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 45.—

With gen.:

laetus animi et ingenii,

Vell. 2, 93, 1; Tac. A. 2, 26:

laborum,

Verg. A. 11, 73:

irae,

Sil. 17, 308.—

With inf.:

laetus uterque Spectari superis,

Sil. 9, 453.—

With acc. and inf.:

laetus sum, fratri obtigisse quod volt,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 1:

laeta est abs te (donum) datum esse,

id. Eun. 3, 1, 2.—

Transf.

Doing a thing with joy, cheerful, ready, willing:

senatus supplementum etiam laetus decreverat,

Sall. J. 84, 3:

descendere regno,

Stat. Th. 2, 396:

fatebere laetus nec surdum esse, etc.,

Juv. 13, 248.—

Delighting or taking pleasure in a thing; with abl. or inf.

With abl.:

et laetum equino sanguine Concanum,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 34:

laetus stridore catenae,

Juv. 14, 23:

plantaribus horti,

id. 13, 123.—

With inf.:

et ferro vivere laetum Vulgus,

Sil. 9, 223.—

Pleased, satisfied with any thing; delighting in; with abl.:

classis Romana haudquaquam laeta praedā rediit,

Liv. 27, 31:

contentus modicis, meoque laetus,

Mart. 4, 77, 2.—With gen.:

laeta laborum,

Verg. A. 11, 73:

laetissimus viae,

indulging to the full, Sil. 17, 308.—

Pleasing, pleasant, grateful:

omnia erant facta hoc biduo laetiora,

Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1:

laetique nuntii vulgabantur,

Tac. A. 1, 5:

vitium laetissimi fructus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 156:

virtus haud laeta tyranno,

Val. Fl. 1, 30:

militibus id nomen,

Tac. H. 4, 68.—

Favorable, propitious, prosperous:

venti,

Val. Fl. 4, 31:

sors,

id. 4, 540:

bellum,

Sil. 10, 552; Plaut. Am. prol. 2:

saecula,

Verg. A. 1, 605:

exta,

Suet. Caes. 77:

cujus (proelii) initium ambiguum, finis laetior,

Tac. A. 12, 40.—

Fortunate, auspicious, lucky:

prodigium,

Plin. 11, 37, 77, § 197:

augurium,

Tac. H. 1, 62:

laeta et congruentia exta,

id. ib. 2, 4:

omina,

Petr. 122.—

Joyous in appearance, delightful, pleasing, beautiful:

vite quid potest esse cum fructu laetius, tum aspectu pulchrius?

Cic. de Sen. 15, 53:

segetes,

Verg. G. 1, 1:

lupae fulvo nutricis tegmine,

id. A. 1, 275:

ferarum exuviis,

Ov. M. 1, 475:

indoles,

Quint. 2, 4, 4:

colles frondibus laeti,

Curt. 5, 4, 9.—

In partic., in econom. lang., fertile, rich, of soil:

ager,

Varr. R. R. 1, 23:

laeta Clitumni pascua,

Juv. 12, 13.—Of cattle, fat:

glande sues laeti redeunt,

Verg. G. 2, 520.—

Abundant, copious:

laeta magis pressis manabunt flumina mammis,

Verg. G. 3, 310; 3, 494:

lucus laetissimus umbrae,

id. A. 1, 441.—Of style, etc., rich, copious, agreeable:

nitidum quoddam genus est verborum et laetum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 81.—Of the author:

(Homerus) laetus ac pressus,

Quint. 10, 1, 46.—

Pleasant, agreeable:

dicendi genus tenue laetioribus numeris corrumpere,

Quint. 9, 4, 17.—In neutr. sing., adverbially:

laetumque rubet,

with joy, with pleasure, Stat. Ach. 1, 323.— Hence, adv.: laetē, joyfully, gladly, cheerfully.

Lit. (class.):

auctorem senatus exstinctum laete atque insolenter tulit,

Cic. Phil. 9, 3, 7:

laete an severe dicere,

Quint. 8, 3, 40.— Comp., Vell. 2, 45, 3:

neque refert cujusquam Punicas Romanasve acies laetius extuleris,

more eagerly, Tac. A. 4, 33:

aliquid ausi laetius aut licentius,

Quint. 2, 4, 14.— Sup.:

laetissime gaudere,

Gell. 3, 15, 2.—

Transf., fruitfully, abundantly, luxuriantly:

seges laete virens,

Plin. 33, 5, 27, § 89.— Comp.:

truncus laetius frondet,

more fruitfully, more luxuriantly, Col. 5, 9, 10; cf. Plin. 16, 31, 56, § 130.—

Lightly, not severely, without seriousness:

si quis putet nos laetius fecisse quam orationis severitas exigat,

Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 6.

laetus, i, m., in late Lat., a foreign bondman who received a piece of land to cultivate, for which he paid tribute to his master, a serf, Amm. 20, 8, 13; Eum. Pan. 21, 1.—Hence,

laeta, ōrum, n., the land so cultivated, Cod. Th. 7, 20, 10.—

laetĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a laetus: laeticae terrae, Cod. Th. 13, 11, 9.

exter or extĕrus (both forms only post-class. and very rare), tĕra, tĕrum, adj. [ comp. form, from ex], on the outside, outward, of another country, family, etc., foreign, strange (syn.: extraneus; alienus, peregrinus, adventicius).

Pos. (in Cic. and Caes. used in the plur.):

quod exter heres praestare cogeretur,

strange, Dig. 31, 1, 69:

emancipatus vero aut exterus non aliter possunt hereditatem quaerere quam si, etc.,

ib. 29, 2, 84; cf. ib. 31, 1, 67, § 4:

tactus corporis est sensus, vel cum res extera sese Insinuat, vel, etc.,

Lucr. 2, 435:

vis,

id. 2, 277:

haec lex socialis est, hoc jus nationum exterarum est,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18:

exterarum gentium multitudo,

Suet. Caes. 84:

non modo vestris civibus, verum etiam exteris nationibus,

Cic. Font. 11, 25; cf.:

apud exteras civitates,

Cic. Caecin. 34, 100:

apud exteras nationes,

Caes. B. C. 3, 43 fin.;

ad nationes exteras,

Quint. 11, 1, 89:

apud exteros,

Plin. 18, 3, 5, § 22 et saep.:

ab extero hoste atque longinquo,

Cic. Cat. 2, 13.—In neutr. plur. with gen.:

ad extera Europae noscenda missus Himilco,

Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 169:

ad extera corporum,

id. 22, 23, 49, § 103.—

Comp.: extĕrĭor, us (in signif. scarcely differing from its pos.), outward, outer, exterior; opp. interior (rare but class.):

cum alterum fecisset exteriorem, interiorem alterum amplexus orbem,

Cic. Univ. 7; cf.:

simul ex navibus milites in exteriorem vallum tela jaciebant... et legionarii, interioris munitionis defensores,

Caes. B. C. 3, 63, 6:

colle exteriore occupato,

id. B. G. 7, 79, 1:

circumire exteriores mutiones jubet,

id. ib. 7, 87, 4:

pares munitiones contra exteriorem hostem perfecit,

id. ib. 7, 74:

comes exterior,

i. e. on the left side, Hor. S. 2, 5, 17.—

Sup. in two forms, extrēmus and extĭmus or extŭmus [ sup. of ex; cf. Gr. eschatos, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 387].

extrēmus, a, um (which in post-class. lang. is itself compared; comp.:

extremior,

App. M. 1, p. 105; 7, p. 188; sup.:

extremissimus,

Tert. Apol. 19), the outermost, utmost, extreme (so most freq.; cf.: ultimus, postremus, novissimus, supremus, imus).

Lit.:

extremum oppidum Allobrogum est Geneva,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 3:

flumen Axona, quod est in extremis Remorum finibus,

on the farthest borders, id. ib. 2, 5, 4:

fines,

Liv. 39, 28, 2; 45, 29, 14; cf.:

ad extremum finem provinciae Galliae venerunt,

id. 40, 16, 5:

impiger extremos currit mercator ad Indos,

the remotest, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 45:

Tanaïs,

id. C. 3, 10, 1:

in extrema fere parte epistolae,

near the end, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 20; cf.:

in codicis extrema cera,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92; but to denote the last part of a thing it is used more freq. in immediate connection with the substantive denoting the whole:

quibus (litteris) in extremis,

at its end, id. Att. 14, 8, 1; cf.:

in qua (epistola) extrema,

id. ib. 13, 45, 1:

in extremo libro tertio,

at the end of the third book, id. Off. 3, 2, 9:

in extrema oratione,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 41:

in extremo ponte turrim constituit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 3; cf.:

ad extremas fossas castella constituit,

id. ib. 2, 8, 3:

ab extremo agmine,

id. ib. 2, 11, 4:

in extrema Cappadocia,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 4:

extremis digitis aliquid attingere,

id. Cael. 12, 28 et saep. —In the neutr. absol. and as subst.: extrē-mum, i, n., an end, the end: divitias alii praeponunt, alii honores, multi etiam voluptates;

beluarum hoc quidem extremum,

Cic. Lael. 6, 20:

quod finitum est, habet extremum,

id. Div. 2, 50, 103:

missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum,

at the end, Liv. 21, 8, 10: in "Equo Trojano" scis esse in extremo "sero sapiunt," Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1; cf.:

quod erat in extremo,

id. Att. 6, 9, 1.—With gen.:

aliquid ad extremum causae reservatum,

Cic. Deiot. 13, 35 (cf. infra, 2. a. fin.):

caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultumum mundi est,

id. Div. 2, 43, 91:

ab Ocelo, quod est citerioris provinciae extremum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 5:

summum gulae fauces vocantur, extremum stomachus,

Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 179:

in extremo montis,

Sall. J. 37, 4.— In plur.:

extrema agminis,

Liv. 6, 32, 11:

extrema Africae,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 31:

extrema Galliae,

Flor. 3, 3, 1; 3, 20, 12; Tac. H. 5, 18; id. A. 4, 67; 4, 74.—

Trop.

In respect to time or the order of succession, the latest, last:

inter prioris mensis senescentis extremum diem et novam lunam,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 10 Müll.:

mensis anni Februarius,

Cic. Leg. 2, 21, 54:

tempore diei,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 15, 6:

eam amicitiam ad extremum finem vitae perduxit,

Liv. 37, 53, 8:

matres ab extremo conspectu liberorum exclusae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118:

manus extrema non accessit operibus ejus,

the finishing hand, the last touches, id. Brut. 33, 126:

extremum illud est, ut te orem et obsecrem,

it remains only, id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Att. 11, 16, 5.—To denote the last part of a thing (cf. above, 1.): quod eo die potest videri extrema et prima luna, i. e. the end and the beginning, Varr. L. L. l. l.:

usque ad extremam aetatem ab adolescentia,

Nep. Cato, 2, 4; id. Att. 10, 3; cf.: ita tantum bellum Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit, Cic. de lmp. Pomp. 12, 35:

extremo anno,

Liv. 2, 64, 1:

extremo tempore,

in the last time, at last, Nep. Dat. 10; id. Epam. 9; id. Eum. 5, 3 al.:

extrema pueritia,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

extremo Peloponnesio bello,

Nep. Con. 1, 2: extremus dies, the close of day, the evening, Sil 7, 172; 14, 8.— Subst.:

illum Praeteritum temnens extremos inter euntem,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 116; cf.: extremi primorum, extremis [p. 708] usque priores, id. Ep. 2, 2, 204:

extremus dominorum,

Tac. H. 4, 42 fin.:

die extremum erat,

Sall. J. 21, 2:

extremum aestatis,

id. ib. 90, 1:

extremo anni,

Liv. 35, 11, 1:

sub extremum noctis,

Sil. 4, 88 al. —Prov.: extrema semper de ante factis judicant (cf. our wise after the event), Pub. Syr. 163 Rib.— Adv.: extremum.

For the last time:

alloquor extremum maestos abiturus amicos,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 15: cum diu occulte suspirassent, postea jam gemere, ad extremum vero loqui omnes et clamare coeperunt.—

At last, finally, Cic. Att. 2, 21, 2:

extremum tenues liquefacta medullas Tabuit,

Ov. M. 14, 431.—Adverb. phrase:

ad extremum,

id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 4, 4, 2 et saep.; cf., strengthened by tum:

invenire quod dicas... deinde... post... tum ad extremum agere ac pronuntiare,

Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 79; and strengthened by denique:

ad extremum ipsa denique necessitate excitantur,

id. Sest. 47, 100:

decimo loco testis exspectatus et ad extremum reservatus dixit, etc.,

till the end, to the last, id. Caecin. 10, 28:

ad extremum,

Ov. P. 1, 9, 28; 3, 7, 20;

for which: in extremum (durare),

id. H. 7, 111:

qui extremo mortuus est,

at last, Dig. 32, 1, 81:

extremo,

Nep. Ham. 2, 3.—

Extreme in quality or degree; used, like ultimus, to denote both the highest and the lowest grade.

The utmost, highest, greatest: cum extremum hoc sit (sentis enim, credo, me jam diu, quod telos Graeci dicunt, id dicere tum extremum, tum ultimum, tum summum:

licebit etiam finem pro extremo aut ultimo dicere) cum igitur hoc sit extremum, congruenter naturae vivere, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26:

extremam famem sustentare,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17, 3:

ad extrema et inimicissima jura tam cupide decurrebas,

Cic. Quint. 15, 48; cf.:

decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum S. C., Dent operam consules, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 3:

extremam rationem belli sequens,

id. ib. 3, 44, 1:

neque aliud se fatigando nisi odium quaerere, extremae dementiae est,

is the height of madness, Sall. J. 3, 3:

in extremis suis rebus,

in the utmost, greatest danger, Caes. B. G. 2, 25 fin.:

res,

Suet. Ner. 6 fin.; cf.:

res jam ad extremum perducta casum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 1:

necessitate extrema ad mortem agi,

Tac. A. 13, 1.— Subst.: si nihil in Lepido spei sit, descensurum ad extrema, to desperate measures, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

ad extrema perventum est,

Curt. 4, 14, 14:

ad extrema ventum foret, ni, etc.,

Liv. 2, 47, 8:

compellere ad extrema deditionis,

to surrender at discretion, Flor. 4, 5; cf.:

famem, ferrum et extrema pati,

Tac. H. 4, 59:

plura de extremis loqui,

id. ib. 2, 47 al.:

res publica in extremo sita,

Sall. C. 52, 11;

Sen. de Ira, 1, 11, 5.—Adverb.: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus,

utterly, Liv. 23, 2, 4.—

The lowest, vilest, meanest (perh. not ante-Aug.):

mancipia,

Sen. Ep. 70 fin.:

latrones,

App. M. 3, p. 131:

quidam sortis extremae juvenis,

Just. 15, 1:

alimenta vitae,

Tac. A. 6, 24:

extremi ingenii est,

Liv. 22, 29, 8.—

extĭmus or extŭmus, a, um, the outermost, farthest, most remote (rare but class.):

novem orbes, quorum unus est caelestis, extimus, qui reliquos omnes complectitur,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17:

circum caesura membrorum,

Lucr. 3, 219; 4, 647:

promontorium Oceani,

Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 1:

gentes,

id. 2, 78, 80, § 190: factus sum extimus a vobis, i. e. discarded, estranged, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 609 P.— Subst.:

Apuliae extima,

the borders, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 217.

exter or extĕrus (both forms only post-class. and very rare), tĕra, tĕrum, adj. [ comp. form, from ex], on the outside, outward, of another country, family, etc., foreign, strange (syn.: extraneus; alienus, peregrinus, adventicius).

Pos. (in Cic. and Caes. used in the plur.):

quod exter heres praestare cogeretur,

strange, Dig. 31, 1, 69:

emancipatus vero aut exterus non aliter possunt hereditatem quaerere quam si, etc.,

ib. 29, 2, 84; cf. ib. 31, 1, 67, § 4:

tactus corporis est sensus, vel cum res extera sese Insinuat, vel, etc.,

Lucr. 2, 435:

vis,

id. 2, 277:

haec lex socialis est, hoc jus nationum exterarum est,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18:

exterarum gentium multitudo,

Suet. Caes. 84:

non modo vestris civibus, verum etiam exteris nationibus,

Cic. Font. 11, 25; cf.:

apud exteras civitates,

Cic. Caecin. 34, 100:

apud exteras nationes,

Caes. B. C. 3, 43 fin.;

ad nationes exteras,

Quint. 11, 1, 89:

apud exteros,

Plin. 18, 3, 5, § 22 et saep.:

ab extero hoste atque longinquo,

Cic. Cat. 2, 13.—In neutr. plur. with gen.:

ad extera Europae noscenda missus Himilco,

Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 169:

ad extera corporum,

id. 22, 23, 49, § 103.—

Comp.: extĕrĭor, us (in signif. scarcely differing from its pos.), outward, outer, exterior; opp. interior (rare but class.):

cum alterum fecisset exteriorem, interiorem alterum amplexus orbem,

Cic. Univ. 7; cf.:

simul ex navibus milites in exteriorem vallum tela jaciebant... et legionarii, interioris munitionis defensores,

Caes. B. C. 3, 63, 6:

colle exteriore occupato,

id. B. G. 7, 79, 1:

circumire exteriores mutiones jubet,

id. ib. 7, 87, 4:

pares munitiones contra exteriorem hostem perfecit,

id. ib. 7, 74:

comes exterior,

i. e. on the left side, Hor. S. 2, 5, 17.—

Sup. in two forms, extrēmus and extĭmus or extŭmus [ sup. of ex; cf. Gr. eschatos, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 387].

extrēmus, a, um (which in post-class. lang. is itself compared; comp.:

extremior,

App. M. 1, p. 105; 7, p. 188; sup.:

extremissimus,

Tert. Apol. 19), the outermost, utmost, extreme (so most freq.; cf.: ultimus, postremus, novissimus, supremus, imus).

Lit.:

extremum oppidum Allobrogum est Geneva,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 3:

flumen Axona, quod est in extremis Remorum finibus,

on the farthest borders, id. ib. 2, 5, 4:

fines,

Liv. 39, 28, 2; 45, 29, 14; cf.:

ad extremum finem provinciae Galliae venerunt,

id. 40, 16, 5:

impiger extremos currit mercator ad Indos,

the remotest, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 45:

Tanaïs,

id. C. 3, 10, 1:

in extrema fere parte epistolae,

near the end, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 20; cf.:

in codicis extrema cera,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92; but to denote the last part of a thing it is used more freq. in immediate connection with the substantive denoting the whole:

quibus (litteris) in extremis,

at its end, id. Att. 14, 8, 1; cf.:

in qua (epistola) extrema,

id. ib. 13, 45, 1:

in extremo libro tertio,

at the end of the third book, id. Off. 3, 2, 9:

in extrema oratione,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 41:

in extremo ponte turrim constituit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 3; cf.:

ad extremas fossas castella constituit,

id. ib. 2, 8, 3:

ab extremo agmine,

id. ib. 2, 11, 4:

in extrema Cappadocia,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 4:

extremis digitis aliquid attingere,

id. Cael. 12, 28 et saep. —In the neutr. absol. and as subst.: extrē-mum, i, n., an end, the end: divitias alii praeponunt, alii honores, multi etiam voluptates;

beluarum hoc quidem extremum,

Cic. Lael. 6, 20:

quod finitum est, habet extremum,

id. Div. 2, 50, 103:

missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum,

at the end, Liv. 21, 8, 10: in "Equo Trojano" scis esse in extremo "sero sapiunt," Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1; cf.:

quod erat in extremo,

id. Att. 6, 9, 1.—With gen.:

aliquid ad extremum causae reservatum,

Cic. Deiot. 13, 35 (cf. infra, 2. a. fin.):

caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultumum mundi est,

id. Div. 2, 43, 91:

ab Ocelo, quod est citerioris provinciae extremum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 5:

summum gulae fauces vocantur, extremum stomachus,

Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 179:

in extremo montis,

Sall. J. 37, 4.— In plur.:

extrema agminis,

Liv. 6, 32, 11:

extrema Africae,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 31:

extrema Galliae,

Flor. 3, 3, 1; 3, 20, 12; Tac. H. 5, 18; id. A. 4, 67; 4, 74.—

Trop.

In respect to time or the order of succession, the latest, last:

inter prioris mensis senescentis extremum diem et novam lunam,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 10 Müll.:

mensis anni Februarius,

Cic. Leg. 2, 21, 54:

tempore diei,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 15, 6:

eam amicitiam ad extremum finem vitae perduxit,

Liv. 37, 53, 8:

matres ab extremo conspectu liberorum exclusae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118:

manus extrema non accessit operibus ejus,

the finishing hand, the last touches, id. Brut. 33, 126:

extremum illud est, ut te orem et obsecrem,

it remains only, id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Att. 11, 16, 5.—To denote the last part of a thing (cf. above, 1.): quod eo die potest videri extrema et prima luna, i. e. the end and the beginning, Varr. L. L. l. l.:

usque ad extremam aetatem ab adolescentia,

Nep. Cato, 2, 4; id. Att. 10, 3; cf.: ita tantum bellum Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit, Cic. de lmp. Pomp. 12, 35:

extremo anno,

Liv. 2, 64, 1:

extremo tempore,

in the last time, at last, Nep. Dat. 10; id. Epam. 9; id. Eum. 5, 3 al.:

extrema pueritia,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

extremo Peloponnesio bello,

Nep. Con. 1, 2: extremus dies, the close of day, the evening, Sil 7, 172; 14, 8.— Subst.:

illum Praeteritum temnens extremos inter euntem,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 116; cf.: extremi primorum, extremis [p. 708] usque priores, id. Ep. 2, 2, 204:

extremus dominorum,

Tac. H. 4, 42 fin.:

die extremum erat,

Sall. J. 21, 2:

extremum aestatis,

id. ib. 90, 1:

extremo anni,

Liv. 35, 11, 1:

sub extremum noctis,

Sil. 4, 88 al. —Prov.: extrema semper de ante factis judicant (cf. our wise after the event), Pub. Syr. 163 Rib.— Adv.: extremum.

For the last time:

alloquor extremum maestos abiturus amicos,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 15: cum diu occulte suspirassent, postea jam gemere, ad extremum vero loqui omnes et clamare coeperunt.—

At last, finally, Cic. Att. 2, 21, 2:

extremum tenues liquefacta medullas Tabuit,

Ov. M. 14, 431.—Adverb. phrase:

ad extremum,

id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 4, 4, 2 et saep.; cf., strengthened by tum:

invenire quod dicas... deinde... post... tum ad extremum agere ac pronuntiare,

Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 79; and strengthened by denique:

ad extremum ipsa denique necessitate excitantur,

id. Sest. 47, 100:

decimo loco testis exspectatus et ad extremum reservatus dixit, etc.,

till the end, to the last, id. Caecin. 10, 28:

ad extremum,

Ov. P. 1, 9, 28; 3, 7, 20;

for which: in extremum (durare),

id. H. 7, 111:

qui extremo mortuus est,

at last, Dig. 32, 1, 81:

extremo,

Nep. Ham. 2, 3.—

Extreme in quality or degree; used, like ultimus, to denote both the highest and the lowest grade.

The utmost, highest, greatest: cum extremum hoc sit (sentis enim, credo, me jam diu, quod telos Graeci dicunt, id dicere tum extremum, tum ultimum, tum summum:

licebit etiam finem pro extremo aut ultimo dicere) cum igitur hoc sit extremum, congruenter naturae vivere, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26:

extremam famem sustentare,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17, 3:

ad extrema et inimicissima jura tam cupide decurrebas,

Cic. Quint. 15, 48; cf.:

decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum S. C., Dent operam consules, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 3:

extremam rationem belli sequens,

id. ib. 3, 44, 1:

neque aliud se fatigando nisi odium quaerere, extremae dementiae est,

is the height of madness, Sall. J. 3, 3:

in extremis suis rebus,

in the utmost, greatest danger, Caes. B. G. 2, 25 fin.:

res,

Suet. Ner. 6 fin.; cf.:

res jam ad extremum perducta casum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 1:

necessitate extrema ad mortem agi,

Tac. A. 13, 1.— Subst.: si nihil in Lepido spei sit, descensurum ad extrema, to desperate measures, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

ad extrema perventum est,

Curt. 4, 14, 14:

ad extrema ventum foret, ni, etc.,

Liv. 2, 47, 8:

compellere ad extrema deditionis,

to surrender at discretion, Flor. 4, 5; cf.:

famem, ferrum et extrema pati,

Tac. H. 4, 59:

plura de extremis loqui,

id. ib. 2, 47 al.:

res publica in extremo sita,

Sall. C. 52, 11;

Sen. de Ira, 1, 11, 5.—Adverb.: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus,

utterly, Liv. 23, 2, 4.—

The lowest, vilest, meanest (perh. not ante-Aug.):

mancipia,

Sen. Ep. 70 fin.:

latrones,

App. M. 3, p. 131:

quidam sortis extremae juvenis,

Just. 15, 1:

alimenta vitae,

Tac. A. 6, 24:

extremi ingenii est,

Liv. 22, 29, 8.—

extĭmus or extŭmus, a, um, the outermost, farthest, most remote (rare but class.):

novem orbes, quorum unus est caelestis, extimus, qui reliquos omnes complectitur,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17:

circum caesura membrorum,

Lucr. 3, 219; 4, 647:

promontorium Oceani,

Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 1:

gentes,

id. 2, 78, 80, § 190: factus sum extimus a vobis, i. e. discarded, estranged, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 609 P.— Subst.:

Apuliae extima,

the borders, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 217.

advĕna, ae (acc. to Valer. Prob. 1439 and 1445 P., m., f., and n., like verna; cf.

, however,

Prisc. 677 P.: Inveniuntur quaedam ex communibus etiam neutri generi adjuncta, sed figurate per alloiotêta, ut advena, mancipium) [advenio], one who comes to a place; a foreigner, stranger, or alien; and adj., strange, foreign, alien, etc. (syn.: peregrinus, externus, exterus, alienus, alienigena; opp. indigena, native; class. both in prose and poetry).

Lit.: defessus perrogitandod advenas Fuit de gnatis, Pac. ap. Prisc. p. 634 P. (Trag. Rel. p. 116 Rib.): advena anus paupercula, * Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 44:

volucres,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5:

advenam gruem,

Hor. Epod. 2, 35:

illas (ciconias) hiemis, has (grues) aestatis advenas,

Plin. 10, 23, 31, § 61:

Zeno Citieus advena,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11 fin.:

advena possessor agelli,

Verg. E. 9, 2:

exercitus advena,

id. A. 7, 38; id. ib. 10, 460:

Tibris advena,

as flowing from Etruria into the Roman territory, Ov. F. 2, 68:

amor advena,

love for a foreign maiden, id. A. A. 1, 75:

advenae reges,

Liv. 4, 3; Vulg. Gen. 19, 9:

advenae Romani,

ib. Act. 2, 10.—

Fig., a stranger to a thing, i.e. ignorant, unskilled, inexperienced = ignarus:

ne in nostra patria peregrini atque advenae esse videamur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 249; cf.:

non hospites, sed peregrini atque advenae nominabamur,

id. Agr. 2, 34 fin.; hence, poet. with gen.:

belli,

Stat. Th. 8, 556.

a-scisco ( adsc-, Lachm., Baiter, Dietsch, Weissenb., K. and H., Halm in Tac.; asc-, Merk., Kayser, Rib., Halm in Nep.), īvi (in ante-class. and class. Lat. never ii), ītum, 3, v. a.

A.. Lit., to take or receive a thing with knowledge (and approbation), to approve, receive as true:

cum jussisset populus Romanus aliquid, si id ascivissent socii populi ac Latini, etc.,

Cic. Balb. 8, 20:

quas (leges) Latini voluerunt, asciverunt,

id. ib. 8, 20, §

21: quibus (scitis) adscitis susceptisque,

id. Leg. 2, 5:

tu vero ista ne adsciveris neve fueris commenticiis rebus assensus,

id. Ac. 2, 40, 125:

ne labar ad opinionem, et aliquid adsciscam et comprobem incognitum,

id. ib. 2, 45, 138.—

Of persons, to receive or admit one in some capacity ( as citizen, ally, son, etc.):

dominos acrīs adsciscunt,

Lucr. 5, 87; 6, 63:

perficiam ut hunc A. Licinium non modo non segregandum, cum sit civis, a numero civium, verum etiam, si non esset, putetis asciscendum fuisse,

Cic. Arch. 2 fin.; cf. id. Balb. 13:

[aliā (civitate) ascitā],

Nep. Att. 3, 1 Halm:

Numam Pompilium... regem alienigenam sibi ipse populus adscivit eumque ad regnandum Romam Curibus adscivit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 13:

aliquem patronum,

id. Pis. 11, 25:

socios sibi ad id bellum Osismios, etc., adsciscunt,

Caes. B. G. 3, 9, 10; so id. ib. 1, 5, 4:

socius adscitus,

Sall. C. 47, 1:

aliquem ducem, Auct. B. Alex. 59, 2: qui non asciverit ultro Dardanium Aenean generumque acceperit urbi,

Verg. A. 11, 471:

gener inde provecto annis adscitus,

Liv. 21, 2; so Tac. H. 1, 59:

ascivit te filium non vitricus, sed princeps,

Plin. Pan. 7, 4:

tribuni centurionesque adsciscebantur,

Tac. H. 2, 5 fin.:

aliquem successorem,

Suet. Tib. 23 fin. al.—In the histt. also with in (in civitatem, societatem, senatum, nomen, etc.):

adsciti simul in civitatem et patres,

Liv. 6, 40, 4:

simul in civitatem Romanam et in familias patriciorum adscitus,

Tac. A. 11, 24:

aliquem in numerum patriciorum,

id. ib. 11, 25:

inter patricios,

id. Agr. 9:

Chauci in commilitium adsciti sunt,

id. A. 1, 60:

aliquem in penates suos,

id. H. 1, 15:

aliquem in nomen,

id. A. 3, 30; Suet. Claud. 39:

aliquem in bona et nomen,

id. Galb. 17.—

Transf., in gen., to take or receive a person to one's self; of things, to appropriate to one's self, adopt (diff. from adjungere and assumere, by the accessory idea of exertion and mediation, or of personal reflection; cf. Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 3, 9, 10; Sall. C. 24, 3).

Of persons:

nemo oppressus aere alieno fuit, quem non ad hoc incredibile sceleris foedus asciverit,

Cic. Cat. 2, 4 fin.:

exsulibus omnium civitatium ascitis, receptis latronibus, etc.,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 30:

eā tempestate plurimos cujusque generis homines adscivisse dicitur,

Sall. C. 24, 3:

Veientes re secundā elati voluntarios undique ad spem praedae adsciverunt,

Liv. 4, 31, 3; Tac. H. 2, 8:

in conscientiam facinoris pauci adsciti,

id. ib. 1, 25.— Poet.: asciscere for asciscere se or ascisci, to join or unite one's self to one (cf.. Accingunt omnes operi, Verg. A. 2, 235):

ascivere tuo comites sub numine divae centum omnes nemorum,

Grat. Cyn. 16.—

Of things: Quae neque terra sibi adscivit nec maxumus aether, which neither the earth appropriates to itself nor etc., Lucr. 5, 473: Jovisque numen Mulciberi adscivit manus, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23:

sibi oppidum asciscere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10:

Ceres et Libera... quarum sacra populus Romanus a Graecis ascita et accepta tantā religione tuetur, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 5, 72; so id. Har Resp. 13, 27; Ov. M. 15, 625 Heins., where Merk. reads acciverit (cf. Web. ad Luc. 8, 831):

peregrinos ritus,

Liv. 1, 20:

Spem si quam ascitis Aetolum habuistis in armis,

Verg. A. 11, 308:

opimum quoddam et tamquam adipatae dictionis genus,

Cic. Or 8, 25: nova (verba) adsciscere, * Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 119:

quod ipsa natura adsciscat et reprobet,

Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 23 (B. and K., sciscat et probet):

adsciscere aut probare amicitiam aut justitiam,

id. ib. 3, 21, 70; id. Leg. 1, 11:

illa, quae prima sunt adscita naturā,

id. Fin. 3, 5, 17 (cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 3, 13, p. 203): hanc consuetudinem [p. 172] lubenter ascivimus, id. Brut. 57, 209. —

Sibi, like arrogo, to assume or arrogate something to one's self (very rare):

eos illius expertes esse prudentiae, quam sibi asciscerent,

Cic. de Or. 1, 19, 87:

eloquentiae laudem uni sibi,

Tac. A. 14, 52; cf. Cic. Dom. 36, 95.—

To order, decree, or approve also or further, = etiam sciscere:

alterum (genus sacerdotum) quod interpretetur fatidicorum et vatium ecfata incognita, quae eorum senatus populusque adsciverit,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, ubi v. Moser.— ascītus, P. a. (opp. nativus, innatus, insitus), derived, assumed, foreign:

in eo nativum quemdam leporem esse, non ascitum,

Nep. Att. 4, 1 Halm:

proles,

Stat. S. 1, 1, 23;

genitos esse vos mihi, non ascitos milites credite,

Curt. 10, 3, 6:

nec petit ascitas dapes,

Ov. F. 6, 172.

ădultĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [id.], to commit adultery, to pollute, defile.

Lit., absol. or with acc.:

latrocinari, fraudare, adulterare,

Cic. Off. 1, 35:

jus esset latrocinari: jus adulterare: jus testamenta falsa supponere,

id. de Leg. 16, 43:

qui dimissam duxerit, adulterat,

Vulg. Matt. 5, 32:

matronas,

Suet. Aug. 67; cf. id. Caes. 6.—Also of brutes:

adulteretur et columba milvio,

Hor. Epod. 16, 32.—As verb. neutr. of a woman:

cum Graeco adulescente,

Just. 43, 4.—Freq.,

Fig., to falsify, adulterate, or give a foreign nature to a thing, to counterfeit:

laser adulteratum cummi aut sacopenio aut fabā fractā,

Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 40:

jus civile pecuniā,

Cic. Caecin. 26:

simulatio tollit judicium veri idque adulterat,

id. Lael. 25, 92; id. Part. 25, 90:

adulterantes verbum,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 2, 17.— Poet. of Proteus:

faciem,

changes his form, Ov. F. 1, 373.

ăger, gri, m. [agros; Germ. Acker, Eng. acre, Sanscr. agras = surface, floor; Grimm conjectured that it was connected with ago, agô, a pecore agendo, and this was the ancient view; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 34 Müll., and Don. ad Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 47; so the Germ. Trift = pasture, from treiben, to drive].

In an extended sense, territory, district, domain, the whole of the soil belonging to a community (syn.: terra, tellus, arvum, solum, rus, humus; opp. terra, which includes [p. 70] many such possessions taken together; cf.

Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 2, 694 sq.): Ager Tusculanus,... non terra,

Varr. L. L. 7, 2, 84:

praedā atque agro adfecit familiares suos,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 38:

abituros agro Achivos,

id. ib. 1, 53, 71:

ut melior fundus Hirpinus sit, sive ager Hirpinus (totum enim possidet), quam, etc.,

Cic. Agr. 3, 2: fundum habet in agro Thurino, id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 4, 2, 131 (pro Tull. 14):

Rhenus, qui agrum Helvetium a Germanis dividit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 2 Herz.:

ager Noricus,

id. ib. 1, 5:

in agro Troade,

Nep. Paus. 3:

in agro Aretino,

Sall. C. 36, 1:

his civitas data agerque,

Liv. 2, 16:

in agro urbis Jericho,

Vulg. Josue, 5, 13.—In the Roman polity: ager Romanus, the Roman possessions in land (distinguished from ager peregrinus, foreign territory) was divided into ager publicus, public property, domains, and ager privatus, private estates; v. Smith's Dict. Antiq., and Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 2, 695 and 696; cf. with 153 sq.—

In a more restricted sense.

Improdued or productive land, a field, whether pasture, arable, nursery ground, or any thing of the kind; cf. Doed. Syn. 3, 7 sq.; 1, 71; Hab. Syn. 68, and Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 7, 13:

agrum hunc mercatus sum: hic me exerceo,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 94:

agrum de nostro patre colendum habebat,

id. Phorm. 2, 3, 17:

ut ager quamvis fertilis, sine culturā fructuosus esse non potest,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 5; id. Fl. 29:

agrum colere,

id. Rosc. Am. 18:

conserere,

Verg. E. 1, 73:

agrum tuum non seres,

Vulg. Lev. 19, 19:

(homo) seminavit bonum semen in agro suo,

ib. Matt. 13, 24; ib. Luc. 12, 16. —

19, 12, 8.—Of a place of habitation in the country, estate, villa:

in tuosne agros confugiam,

Cic. Att. 3, 15 (so agros, Hom. Od. 24, 205).—

The fields, the open country, the country (as in Gr. agros or agroi), like rus, in opp. to the town, urbs (in prose writers generally only in the plur.), Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 2:

homines ex agris concurrunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 44:

non solum ex urbe, sed etiam ex agris,

id. Cat. 2, 4, 8:

annus pestilens urbi agrisque,

Liv. 3, 6; id. 3, 32:

in civitatem et in agros,

Vulg. Marc. 5, 14.—And even in opp. to a village or hamlet, the open field:

sanum hominem modo ruri esse oportet, modo in urbe, saepiusque in agro,

Cels. 1, 1.—

Poet., in opp. to mountains, plain, valley, champaign:

ignotos montes agrosque salutat,

Ov. M. 3, 25.—

As a measure of length (opp. frons, breadth):

mille pedes in fronte, trecentos cippus in agrum Hic dabat,

in depth, Hor. S. 1, 8, 12.

a-scisco ( adsc-, Lachm., Baiter, Dietsch, Weissenb., K. and H., Halm in Tac.; asc-, Merk., Kayser, Rib., Halm in Nep.), īvi (in ante-class. and class. Lat. never ii), ītum, 3, v. a.

A.. Lit., to take or receive a thing with knowledge (and approbation), to approve, receive as true:

cum jussisset populus Romanus aliquid, si id ascivissent socii populi ac Latini, etc.,

Cic. Balb. 8, 20:

quas (leges) Latini voluerunt, asciverunt,

id. ib. 8, 20, §

21: quibus (scitis) adscitis susceptisque,

id. Leg. 2, 5:

tu vero ista ne adsciveris neve fueris commenticiis rebus assensus,

id. Ac. 2, 40, 125:

ne labar ad opinionem, et aliquid adsciscam et comprobem incognitum,

id. ib. 2, 45, 138.—

Of persons, to receive or admit one in some capacity ( as citizen, ally, son, etc.):

dominos acrīs adsciscunt,

Lucr. 5, 87; 6, 63:

perficiam ut hunc A. Licinium non modo non segregandum, cum sit civis, a numero civium, verum etiam, si non esset, putetis asciscendum fuisse,

Cic. Arch. 2 fin.; cf. id. Balb. 13:

[aliā (civitate) ascitā],

Nep. Att. 3, 1 Halm:

Numam Pompilium... regem alienigenam sibi ipse populus adscivit eumque ad regnandum Romam Curibus adscivit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 13:

aliquem patronum,

id. Pis. 11, 25:

socios sibi ad id bellum Osismios, etc., adsciscunt,

Caes. B. G. 3, 9, 10; so id. ib. 1, 5, 4:

socius adscitus,

Sall. C. 47, 1:

aliquem ducem, Auct. B. Alex. 59, 2: qui non asciverit ultro Dardanium Aenean generumque acceperit urbi,

Verg. A. 11, 471:

gener inde provecto annis adscitus,

Liv. 21, 2; so Tac. H. 1, 59:

ascivit te filium non vitricus, sed princeps,

Plin. Pan. 7, 4:

tribuni centurionesque adsciscebantur,

Tac. H. 2, 5 fin.:

aliquem successorem,

Suet. Tib. 23 fin. al.—In the histt. also with in (in civitatem, societatem, senatum, nomen, etc.):

adsciti simul in civitatem et patres,

Liv. 6, 40, 4:

simul in civitatem Romanam et in familias patriciorum adscitus,

Tac. A. 11, 24:

aliquem in numerum patriciorum,

id. ib. 11, 25:

inter patricios,

id. Agr. 9:

Chauci in commilitium adsciti sunt,

id. A. 1, 60:

aliquem in penates suos,

id. H. 1, 15:

aliquem in nomen,

id. A. 3, 30; Suet. Claud. 39:

aliquem in bona et nomen,

id. Galb. 17.—

Transf., in gen., to take or receive a person to one's self; of things, to appropriate to one's self, adopt (diff. from adjungere and assumere, by the accessory idea of exertion and mediation, or of personal reflection; cf. Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 3, 9, 10; Sall. C. 24, 3).

Of persons:

nemo oppressus aere alieno fuit, quem non ad hoc incredibile sceleris foedus asciverit,

Cic. Cat. 2, 4 fin.:

exsulibus omnium civitatium ascitis, receptis latronibus, etc.,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 30:

eā tempestate plurimos cujusque generis homines adscivisse dicitur,

Sall. C. 24, 3:

Veientes re secundā elati voluntarios undique ad spem praedae adsciverunt,

Liv. 4, 31, 3; Tac. H. 2, 8:

in conscientiam facinoris pauci adsciti,

id. ib. 1, 25.— Poet.: asciscere for asciscere se or ascisci, to join or unite one's self to one (cf.. Accingunt omnes operi, Verg. A. 2, 235):

ascivere tuo comites sub numine divae centum omnes nemorum,

Grat. Cyn. 16.—

Of things: Quae neque terra sibi adscivit nec maxumus aether, which neither the earth appropriates to itself nor etc., Lucr. 5, 473: Jovisque numen Mulciberi adscivit manus, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23:

sibi oppidum asciscere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10:

Ceres et Libera... quarum sacra populus Romanus a Graecis ascita et accepta tantā religione tuetur, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 5, 72; so id. Har Resp. 13, 27; Ov. M. 15, 625 Heins., where Merk. reads acciverit (cf. Web. ad Luc. 8, 831):

peregrinos ritus,

Liv. 1, 20:

Spem si quam ascitis Aetolum habuistis in armis,

Verg. A. 11, 308:

opimum quoddam et tamquam adipatae dictionis genus,

Cic. Or 8, 25: nova (verba) adsciscere, * Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 119:

quod ipsa natura adsciscat et reprobet,

Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 23 (B. and K., sciscat et probet):

adsciscere aut probare amicitiam aut justitiam,

id. ib. 3, 21, 70; id. Leg. 1, 11:

illa, quae prima sunt adscita naturā,

id. Fin. 3, 5, 17 (cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 3, 13, p. 203): hanc consuetudinem [p. 172] lubenter ascivimus, id. Brut. 57, 209. —

Sibi, like arrogo, to assume or arrogate something to one's self (very rare):

eos illius expertes esse prudentiae, quam sibi asciscerent,

Cic. de Or. 1, 19, 87:

eloquentiae laudem uni sibi,

Tac. A. 14, 52; cf. Cic. Dom. 36, 95.—

To order, decree, or approve also or further, = etiam sciscere:

alterum (genus sacerdotum) quod interpretetur fatidicorum et vatium ecfata incognita, quae eorum senatus populusque adsciverit,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, ubi v. Moser.— ascītus, P. a. (opp. nativus, innatus, insitus), derived, assumed, foreign:

in eo nativum quemdam leporem esse, non ascitum,

Nep. Att. 4, 1 Halm:

proles,

Stat. S. 1, 1, 23;

genitos esse vos mihi, non ascitos milites credite,

Curt. 10, 3, 6:

nec petit ascitas dapes,

Ov. F. 6, 172.

in-dūco, xi, ctum, 3 ( imp. induce for induc, Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 18;

induxti for induxisti,

Ter. And. 5, 3, 12;

induxis for induxeris,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 46), v. a. [in-duco], to lead, bring, or conduct into a place; to lead or bring in (class.); constr. with in and acc., dat., acc. only, or absol.

Lit.

With in and acc.:

oves et armenta in rura,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 12:

aliquem in viam,

id. ib. 3, 2, 18:

exercitum in Macedoniam,

Liv. 31, 28, 2:

cohortem praetoriam in medios hostes,

Sall. C. 60, 5:

principes in cornua inducit,

leads against, Liv. 30, 34, 11; so,

Hannibal elephantos in primam aciem induci jussit,

id. 27, 14, 6:

in dextrum cornu elephantos,

id. 44, 41, 3; Caes. B. C. 3, 112 al. —

With dat. (mostly poet. and rare):

age, moenibus induc,

Stat. Th. 12, 326:

fossā mare urbi,

Suet. Ner. 16. —

With acc. only:

princeps turmas inducit Asilas,

Verg. A. 11, 620:

inducunt venti nubilum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 7.—

Absol.:

eā (portā) secundae legionis principes hastatosque inducit (sc. in urbem),

Liv. 34, 15, 6.—

In partic.

To bring forward, exhibit, represent in the circus or on the stage:

a me autem gladiatorum par nobilissimum inducitur,

Cic. Opt. Gen. Or. 6, 17; so,

aliquem,

Suet. Calig. 27 fin.:

elephantos in circum,

Plin. 8, 6, 6, § 17:

inducta est et Afranii Togata, quae Incendium inscribitur,

Suet. Ner. 11; id. Claud. 34; 45; id. Tib. 42; cf.:

pater ille, Terenti fabula quem miserum vixisse Inducit,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 22.—

To bring into or before a court (post-Aug.):

inducta teste in senatu,

Suet. Claud. 40:

Firminus inductus in senatum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 12, 2:

majestatis reos in curiam,

Suet. Dom. 11.—

To bring home, take into one ' s family:

carasque toris inducere Thressas,

Val. Fl. 2, 132:

intra undecim dies quam illi novercam amore captus induxerat,

Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 2. —

Transf.

To put on articles of dress:

si sibi calceus perperam induceretur,

Suet. Aug. 92:

umeros albenti amictu,

Stat. S. 5, 2, 67:

togam super membra,

Luc. 2, 387. —With Gr. acc.:

tunicāque inducitur artus,

Verg. A. 8, 457. —

To draw over, spread over, to overlay, overspread:

postes pice,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 142; Vitr. 7, 3:

colorem picturae,

i. e. to varnish, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 102:

parieti ceram liquefactam,

id. 33, 7, 40, § 122:

cuti nitorem,

id. 24, 8, 33, § 49:

varias plumas,

Hor. A. P. 2:

humanam membris formam,

Ov. M. 7, 642:

omnibus viris magnitudine sua inducturus caliginem,

to overspread with darkness, to darken, obscure, Vell. 2, 36, 1:

pontem,

to throw a bridge across, Curt. 5, 5:

scuta ex cortice facta pellibus,

to cover, Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

coria super lateres,

id. B. C. 2, 10:

pulvis velut nube inducta omnia inpleverat,

Liv. 1, 29, 4:

sed quae mutatis inducitur tot medicaminibus,

Juv. 6, 471.— With Gr. acc.:

(victima) inducta cornibus aurum,

Ov. M. 7, 161; 10, 271.—

To level the ground by filling up:

ita inducto solo, ut nulla vestigia exstent,

Plin. 2, 80, 82, § 194; hence, to strike out, erase, i. e. to level the wax in writing by drawing over it the broad end of the style:

nomina jam facta sunt: sed vel induci, vel mutari possunt,

Cic. Att. 13, 14, 2:

senatus consultum,

id. ib. 1, 20, 4.

Trop.

In gen., to bring into, introduce:

seditionem atque discordiam in civitatem,

Cic. Off. 1, 25, 85:

aliquid in nostros mores,

id. de Or. 2, 28, 121: set magna pars morem hunc induxerunt, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 34:

morem novorum judiciorum in rem publicam,

Cic. Rab. Post. 4, 9; Plin. Ep. 2, 16, 9; Lact. Mort. Pers. 38, 4:

novum verbum in linguam Latinam,

Cic. Phil. 13, 19, 43:

pecuniam in rationem,

to bring into, set down in an account, id. Verr. 2, 1, 41, § 106: agrum alicui pecunia ingenti, to charge in an account, id. Agr. 2, 26, 70:

exemplum,

Plin. Pan. 6, 2.—

To establish:

sublato judicum nomine potestas regalis inducta est,

Lact. 4, 10, 15:

quia nondum haec consuetudo erat inducta,

Sen. Contr. 5 praef. §

4: vetus disciplina deserta, nova inducta,

Vell. 2, 1, 1.—

In partic.

To bring in, introduce in speaking or writing (an expression borrowed from the stage):

hinc ille Gyges inducitur a Platone,

Cic. Off. 3, 9, 38:

gravem personam,

id. Cael. 15, 35:

Tiresiam deplorantem caecitatem suam,

id. Tusc. 5, 39, 115.—Of conversation, to introduce:

puero me hic sermo inducitur,

Cic. Att. 13, 19, 4:

hanc rationem Epicurus induxit,

id. Fat. 10:

consuetudinem,

id. Cael. 23, 58:

dubitationem,

Tac. A. 1, 7.—

To lead to or into; to move, excite, persuade; to mislead, seduce; constr. with in, with acc. or ad, with ut or inf.:

amici jacentem animum excitare, et inducere in spem cogitationemque meliorem,

Cic. Lael. 15, 59; so,

aliquem in spem,

id. Off. 2, 15, 53:

in rem utilem,

id. Inv. 1, 2, 2; cf. id. Q. Fr. 3, 4:

in errorem,

id. Off. 3, 13, 55:

animum ad aliquid,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 67:

aliquem pretio, gratia, spe, promissis (ad parricidium),

to mislead, Cic. Rosc. Am. 28, 16:

multos in peccatum,

to seduce, Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29:

ad maleficium,

id. 2, 2, 3:

ad misericordiam, ad pudendum, ad pigendum,

to move, excite, Cic. Brut. 50, 188:

Carthaginienses ad bellum,

Nep. Hann. 8:

ad credendum,

id. Con. 3:

vide, quo me inducas,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 25:

in quos (affectus) inducendus est judex,

Quint. 11, 3, 58.—With ut:

aliquem, ut mentiatur,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 46.—With inf.:

consulem promissis, sententiam promere,

Tac. A. 12, 9.—

Animum or in animum, to bring one ' s mind to, to resolve, determine; to suppose, imagine:

id quod animum induxerat paulisper non tenuit,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 8. — With inf. or object-clause:

animum inducere, contra ea quae a me disputantur de divinatione, dicere,

Cic. Div. 1, 13, 22:

opes contemnere,

id. Tusc. 5, 10, 30:

id me commissurum ne animum induxeris,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 78:

in animum inducunt suum, Jovem se placare posse,

id. Rud. prol. 22:

ne tute incommodam rem, ut quaequest, in animum induces pati?

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 27:

oro ut ne illis animum inducas credere,

id. And. 5, 1, 15:

qui huic animum assentari induxeris,

id. Eun. 3, 2, 37:

mea causa causam hanc justam esse animum inducite,

id. Heaut. prol. 41; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 43:

ut in animum induceret ad easdem venire epulas,

Liv. 28, 18, 4; 1, 17, 4; 2, 18, 11:

postremo Caesar in animum induxerat, laborare, vigilare,

had determined, Sall. C. 54, 4:

in animum, ejus vitam defendere,

Cic. Sull. 30, 83; Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 5.—With ut, ne, or quominus:

inducere animum possum, ne aegre patiar,

Plaut. As. 5, 1, 5:

inducere animum, ut patrem esse sese, oblivisceretur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 53:

in animum, quo minus illi indicarem,

Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 6:

quod consules in senatu ut pronuntiarent, in animum inducere non possent,

Liv. 27, 9, 9; 2, 5, 7; 39, 12, 3. —

To delude, cajole, deceive:

hic eos, quibus erat ignotus, decepit, fefellit, induxit,

Cic. Pis. 1, 1:

socios induxit, decepit, destituit,

id. Rosc. Am. 40, 117: semper, ut inducar, blandos offers mihi vultus Tib. 1, 6, 1.—

To do any thing to one (post-class.):

injuriam adversus liberos suos testamento,

Dig. 5, 2, 4.— Hence, in-ductus, a, um, P. a., introduced, foreign, strange (post-Aug. and rare):

insiticius et inductus sermo (opp. patrius),

Plin. Ep. 4, 3 fin.; so,

nihil inductum et quasi devium loquimur,

id. ib. 5, 6, 44:

arcessita et inducta,

id. ib. 3, 18, 10.

sponte, abl., and spontis, gen. (perh. the only cases in use of a noun spons, assumed by Charis. p. 34 P., and Aus. Idyll. 12, 8, 11, as nom. But ad spontem is Müller's reading, Varr. L. L. 6, 7, 72, for a sponte), f. [spondeo; prop. a pledging of one's self to a thing; hence, opp. to external necessity or inducement, of free will, of one's own accord].

Sponte, in good prose always joined with meā, tuā, suā ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; also absol. or with gen.), of free will, of one's own accord, of one's self, freely, willingly, voluntarily, spontaneously (syn. ultro):

sponte valet a voluntate,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 69 Müll.:

si imprudenter aut necessitate aut casu quippiam fecerit, quod non concederetur iis, qui suā sponte et voluntate fecissent,

Cic. Part. Or. 37, 131:

tuo judicio et tuā sponte facere,

id. Fam. 9, 14, 2; cf.:

Galliam totam hortatur ad bellum, ipsam suā sponte suoque judicio excitatam,

id. Phil. 4, 3, 8:

potius consuefacere filium, Suā sponte recte facere quam alieno metu,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 50:

si hic non insanit satis suā sponte, instiga,

id. And. 4, 2, 9:

ut id suā sponte facerent, quod cogerentur facere legibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3:

meā sponte (opp. invitatu tuo),

id. Fam. 7, 5, 2:

meā sponte (opp. monente et denuntiante te),

id. ib. 4, 3, 1:

non solum a me provocatus, sed etiam suā sponte,

id. ib. 1, 7, 3:

transisse Rhenum sese non suā sponte, sed rogatum et arcessitum a Gallis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

et suā sponte multi in disciplinam conveniunt et a parentibus propinquisque mittuntur,

id. ib. 6, 14:

sive ipse sponte suā, sive senatusconsulto accitus,

Liv. 10, 25, 12:

quaesitum est, praecipitata esset ab eo uxor, an se ipsa suā sponte jecisset,

Quint. 7, 2, 24:

gaudeo id te mihi suadere, quod ego meā sponte pridie feceram,

Cic. Att. 15, 27: sponte ipsam suāpte adductam, Lucil. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 69 Müll.:

me si fata meis paterentur ducere vitam Auspiciis et sponte meā componere curas,

Verg. A. 4, 341:

interim sponte nostrā velut donantes,

Quint. 3, 6, 8.—Sometimes propriā for suā (late Lat.):

sponte se propriā dederunt,

Amm. 17, 2, 3:

Richomeres se sponte obtulit propriā,

id. 31, 12, 15.—

Absol.:

Italiam non sponte sequor,

Verg. A. 4, 361:

sponte properant,

Ov. M. 11, 486:

odio tyrannidis exsul Sponte erat,

id. ib. 15, 62:

sponte en ultroque peremptus,

Stat. Th. 10, 809; cf.:

multitudo sponte et ultro confluens,

Suet. Caes. 16:

nec illum sponte exstinctum,

Tac. A. 3, 16:

sponte judicioque plaudere,

Quint. 8, 3, 4:

opto ut ea potissimum jubear, quae me deceat vel sponte fecisse,

Plin. Ep. 6, 29, 11: equites Romani natalem ejus sponte atque consensu biduo semper celebrarunt, Suet. Aug. 57.—

With gen.:

sponte deūm,

according to the will of the gods, Luc. 1, 234 Cort.:

sponte ducum,

id. 1, 99:

sponte deorum,

id. 5, 136; Val. Fl. 4, 358:

naturae,

Plin. 7, prooem. 1, § 4; 9, 51, 74, § 160; 11, 49, 110, § 263; 14, 4, 6, § 53; Sil. 14, 153:

principis,

Tac. A. 2, 59:

Caesaris,

id. ib. 6, 31:

praefecti,

id. ib. 4, 7:

incolarum,

id. ib. 4, 51:

litigatoris,

id. ib. 13, 42; 7, 51; id. H. 4, 19; Curt. 4, 1, 16.—

Very rarely with a prep.: de tuā sponte, Cotta ap. Charis. p. 195 P.:

a sponte,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 69 Müll.; cf. § 71 sqq. ib.—

Transf., of one's own will or agency (opp. to foreign participation or assistance), by one's self, without the aid of others, alone (rare but class.):

nequeo Pedibus meā sponte ambulare,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 46:

nec suā sponte, sed eorum auxilio,

Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

cum oppidani autem etiam suā sponte Caesarem recipere conarentur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 11 fin.:

his cum suā sponte persuadere non possent, legatos ad Dumnorigem mittunt, ut eo deprecatore a Sequanis impetrarent,

id. B. G. 1, 9:

civitatem ignobilem atque humilem Eburonum suā sponte populo Romano bellum facere ausam, vix erat credendum,

id. ib. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 65:

judicium quod Verres suā sponte instituisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 111:

cum illa civitas cum Poenis suo nomine ac suā sponte bellaret,

id. ib. 2, 4, 33, §

72: ecquis Volcatio si suā sponte venisset, unam libellam dedisset?

id. ib. 2, 2, 10, § 26.—

Of things concr. and abstr., of itself, spontaneously:

is autem ardor non alieno impulsu sed suā sponte movetur, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32:

ut cum suā sponte nullā adhibitā vi, consumptus ignis exstinguitur,

id. Sen. 19, 71:

natura videtur Ipsa suā per se sponte omnia dis agere expers,

Lucr. 2, 1092:

aliae (arbores) nullis hominum cogentibus ipsae Sponte suā veniunt,

Verg. G. 2, 11; cf.:

stellae sponte suā jussaene vagentur et errent,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 17:

sapientem suā sponte ac per se bonitas et justitia delectat,

Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26:

res quae suā sponte scelerata est,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 108; id. Or. 32, 115:

justitium in foro suā sponte coeptum prius quam indictum,

Liv. 9, 7, 8:

clamor suā sponte ortus,

id. 9, 41, 17:

id suā sponte ap parebat,

id. 22, 38, 13:

de capite signum in manum sponte suā delapsum,

id. 27, 11, 3 ex loco superiore, qui prope suā sponte in hostem inferebat, id. 5, 43, 3:

quod terra crearat Sponte suā,

Lucr. 5, 938:

sponte suā quae fiunt aëre in ipso,

id. 4, 738:

ut vera et falsa suā sponte, non alienā judicantur,

Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 45:

te Sponte suā probitas officiumque juvat,

Ov. P. 2, 3, 34:

sponte deae munus promeritumque patet (i. e. sine indice),

id. F. 4, 394.—Very rarely with quādam: litterae syllabaeque... orationem sponte quādam sequantur, Quint 5, 10, 125. —

Absol.:

ut numeri sponte fluxisse videantur,

Quint. 9, 4, 147.—

spontis, only in the phrase suae spontis (esse).

To be one's own master, at one's own disposal (very rare and mostly post-Aug.;

not in Cic. or Cæs.): quod suae spontis statuerant finem,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 71 Müll.:

sanus homo, qui suae spontis est, nullis obligare se legibus debet,

Cels. 1, 1.—

In Columella, of things, = suā sponte, of itself, spontaneously:

altera (cytisus est) suae spontis,

springs up spontaneously, Col. 9, 4, 2:

ubi loci natura neque manu illatam neque suae spontis aquam ministrari patitur,

id. 11, 3, 10.